2009
DOI: 10.4085/1062-6050-44.2.174
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Sagittal-Plane Trunk Position, Landing Forces, and Quadriceps Electromyographic Activity

Abstract: Context: Researchers have suggested that large landing forces, excessive quadriceps activity, and an erect posture during landing are risk factors for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. The influence of knee kinematics on these risk factors has been investigated extensively, but trunk positioning has received little attention.Objective: To determine the effect of trunk flexion on landing forces and quadriceps activation during landing.Design: Two (sex) 3 2 (task) repeated-measures design. Intervention(s)… Show more

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Cited by 203 publications
(166 citation statements)
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“…It has previously been reported that lack of knee flexion is a risk factor for ACL injury [18]; however, the results of the present study showed no significant effect for the arm position on the kinematics of the knee in the sagittal plane. Previous research has proposed that reduced hip flexion tends to occur in combination with reduced knee flexion [19], which has led some studies to couple these joints in the sagittal plane [11]. The present study contradicts these suggestions since the arm position was found to alter hip flexion but not knee flexion.…”
Section: Discussioncontrasting
confidence: 80%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…It has previously been reported that lack of knee flexion is a risk factor for ACL injury [18]; however, the results of the present study showed no significant effect for the arm position on the kinematics of the knee in the sagittal plane. Previous research has proposed that reduced hip flexion tends to occur in combination with reduced knee flexion [19], which has led some studies to couple these joints in the sagittal plane [11]. The present study contradicts these suggestions since the arm position was found to alter hip flexion but not knee flexion.…”
Section: Discussioncontrasting
confidence: 80%
“…A more upright or "stiff" landing movement pattern, characterised by reduced flexion of the hip and knee joints coupled with increased ankle dorsiflexion [1], has been proposed to increase the risk of ACL injury. This may be due to these kinematic factors increasing the ground reaction force and reducing the ability of the hamstring muscles to prevent anterior shear force acting on the proximal end of the tibia [10], which in turn is likely to increase the strain on the ACL [11]. Knee valgus motion, caused by the excessive hip adduction and internal rotation whereby these movements combine to cause the tibia to abduct and the foot to pronate when the foot is fixed to the floor [12], has also been shown to increase the relative load on the ACL [13].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…48 In addition, a more flexed trunk position has been shown to reduce ground reaction forces and quadriceps muscle activity during landing, potentially decreasing ACL loading. 49 The lesser hip-flexion moment during landing in the rotational-valgus clusters may be attributed to the sagittal-plane position of the pelvis, in which anterior pelvic tilt was approximately 48 greater than in the NEUT cluster. Based on clinical observations, a standing posture characterized by an increased anterior pelvic tilt is associated with elongated and weak hip extensors that include the gluteal and hamstrings muscles.…”
Section: Kinetic Differencesmentioning
confidence: 92%
“…These altered movements have been associated with weakness of the hip abductor, lateral rotator, and extensor muscles 1,15,43 and are thought to lead to greater knee valgus angle and, consequently, greater pressure on the lateral side of the patellofemoral joint. Finally, it has been suggested that patients with PFP may perform weightbearing activities with minimal hip flexion and forward trunk lean, 37 leading to greater demands on the quadriceps muscle 5 and, consequently, greater patellofemoral joint stresses.…”
Section: T T Conclusionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Powers 37 has suggested that individuals with PFP might perform weight-bearing activities with decreased hip flexion and increased pelvis anteversion and trunk extension, resulting in a posterior shift of the center of mass and increased external knee flexor moment. This pattern of motion has been associated with inhibition of the hip and trunk extensor muscles and greater quadriceps muscle activity, 5,36 resulting in increased patellofemoral joint compression. In the present study, although the patients in the FST group showed greater pelvis anteversion, this movement was associated with increased hip flexion and no change in the trunk movement excursion.…”
Section: Pain Function and Global Improvementmentioning
confidence: 99%