Sagnac Effect, Ring Lasers and Terrestrial Tests of Gravity

Ruggiero, Matteo Luca

doi:10.3390/galaxies3020084

Cited by 21 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…These relationships were observed and reported during the second half of the nineteenth century, and we recommend [1,2] for historical review and references. Various approaches to GEM have recently been proposed, and we quote a non-exhaustive list of papers concerning, by way of example, gravitomagnetic effects [3][4][5][6], the relation of GEM to special relativity [2,7], tidal tensors [8,9], weak-field approximation [10][11][12], the Lorentz violation [13,14], teleparallel gravity [15,16], the Mashhoon-Theiss effect [17], quantum gravity [18,19], gravitational waves [20,21], the relation of GEM to electro-dynamics in curved spacetime [22,23], gravitational field of astrophysical objects [24,25], the Sagnac effect [26,27], torsion gravity [28], the Schrödinger-Newton equation [29], non-commutative geometry [30], spin-gravity coupling [31], gravity and thermodynamics [32], the Casimir effect [33], gauge transformations [34] and, quantum field gravity [35,36]. It is commonly known that GEM is a source of new ideas and a guide for research into new physics.…”

Section: Gravito-electromagnetic Analogymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By comparing the scalar quantities (45) and (27), the nullity of T µν τ µν and T µν τ µν indicates that an invariant property plays a role here that is played identically by the nullity T µ µ in electromagnetism. This particular feature justifies the introduction of τ µν to the formulation of gravito-electromagnetic theory presented in this article.…”

Section: The Tensor Formulation Using the Potential Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Novel Covariant Approach to Gravito-Electromagnetism

Giardino

2020

Braz J Phys

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Section: Gravito-electromagnetic Analogymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Tensor Formulation Using the Potential Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Covariant Approach to Gravito-Electromagnetism

Giardino

2020

Braz J Phys

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“…Several experiments have validated this effect for the Earth gravitational field, NASA's LAGEOS satellites or Gravity Probe B [1] with an accuracy of around 19%. Some new experiments will try to obtain a higher accuracy, for example GINGER [2] with an expected accuracy of around 1%.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dark Matter, a Direct Detection

Corre¹

2017

OALib

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In a previous paper, we demonstrated that the linearized general relativity could explain dark matter (the rotation speed of galaxies, the rotation speed of dwarf satellite galaxies, the movement in a plane of dwarf satellite galaxies, the decreasing quantity of dark matter with the distance to the center of galaxies' cluster, the expected quantity of dark matter inside galaxies and the expected experimental values of parameters Ω dm of dark matter measured in CMB). It leads, compared with Newtonian gravitation, to taking in account the second component (gravitational field) of the gravitation (imposed by general relativity) without changing the gravity field (also known as gravitomagnetism). In this explanation, dark matter would be a uniform gravitational field that embeds some very large areas of the universe generated by the clusters. In this article we are going to see that this specific gravitational field, despite its weakness, could be soon detectable, allowing testing this explanation of dark matter. It should generate a slight discrepancy in the expected measure of the Lense-Thirring effect of the Earth. In this theoretical frame, the Lense-Thirring effect of the "dark matter" would be a value between around 0.3 milliarcsecond/year and 0.6 milliarcsecond/year in the best case. In the LAGEOS or Gravity Probe B experiments, there was not enough precision (around 0.3% for the expected 6606 mas•y −1 geodetic and around 19% for the expected 39 mas•y −1 frame-dragging precessions). In the GINGER experiment, there could be enough one; the expected accuracy would be around 1%. If this discrepancy was verified, it would be the first direct measure of the dark matter.

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“…So far, the gravito-magnetic field of Earth has been measured in space with an error at the ∼ 5% [9][10][11] level, so the experimental objective of measuring the Lense-Thirring angular velocity Ω LT with 1% is still challenging. Different gravity theories (e.g., Chern-Simons gravity [12][13][14], f (R) theory, and extended gravity models [15][16][17]) have different time dependence of Lense-Thirring effects to be measured in the experiment; several papers are available in literature, see, for example, [18][19][20][21]. GINGER The graph is not to scale and it gives a pictorial view of the relative orientations of the different components.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

GINGER: A feasibility study

Virgilio

Belfi

et al. 2017

Eur. Phys. J. Plus

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Abstract. GINGER (Gyroscopes IN General Relativity) is a proposal for an Earth-based experiment to measure the Lense-Thirring (LT) and de Sitter effects. GINGER is based on ring lasers, which are the most sensitive inertial sensors to measure the rotation rate of the Earth. We show that two ring lasers, one at maximum signal and the other horizontal, would be the simplest configuration able to retrieve the GR effects. Here, we discuss this configuration in detail showing that it would have the capability to test LT effect at 1%, provided the accuracy of the scale factor of the instrument at the level of 1 part in 10 12 is reached. In principle, one single ring laser could do the test, but the combination of the two ring lasers gives the necessary redundancy and the possibility to verify that the systematics of the lasers are sufficiently small. The discussion can be generalised to seismology and geodesy and it is possible to say that signals 10-12 orders of magnitude below the Earth rotation rate can be studied; the proposed array can be seen as the basic element of multi-axial systems, and the generalisation to three dimensions is feasible adding one or two devices and monitoring the relative angles between different ring lasers. This simple array can be used to measure with very high precision the amplitude of angular rotation rate (the length of the day, LOD), its short term variations, and the angle between the angular rotation vector and the horizontal ring laser. Finally this experiment could be useful to probe gravity at fundamental level giving indications on violations of Einstein Equivalence Principle and Lorenz Invariance and possible chiral effects in the gravitational field.

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Sagnac Effect, Ring Lasers and Terrestrial Tests of Gravity

Cited by 21 publications

References 73 publications

A Novel Covariant Approach to Gravito-Electromagnetism

A Novel Covariant Approach to Gravito-Electromagnetism

Dark Matter, a Direct Detection

GINGER: A feasibility study

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