Sakarya nehri’nde kum-çakıl madenciliği kaynaklı arazi kullanım değişimleri

Yiğit, Mahnaz Gümrükçüoğlu; Doğan, Emrah; Köklü, Rabia

doi:10.24012/dumf.386643

DÜMF Mühendislik Dergisi

2017

DOI: 10.24012/dumf.386643

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Sakarya nehri’nde kum-çakıl madenciliği kaynaklı arazi kullanım değişimleri

Mahnaz Gümrükçüoğlu Yiğit¹,

Emrah Doğan²,

Rabia Köklü³

Abstract: Öz Sakarya Nehri yaklaşık 810 km uzunluğu ile Türkiye'nin üçüncü uzun nehridir. Eskişehir'den doğar ve kuzeye doğru akarak Karasu Bölgesi'nde denize dökülür. Nehir havzası özellikle Sakarya İli içinde, coğrafi yapıya da bağlı olarak kum çıkarılması için uygun olduğundan çok sayıda kum ocağı mevcuttur. Bu yapılar, nehrin morfolojisini, hidroloji ve ekolojisini önemli şekilde etkilediklerinden bu maden alanları ile ilgili daha detaylı çalışmaların yapılması ve yarattıkları olumsuzluklarla ilgili yapıcı ve kalıcı… Show more

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Geomorphic changes and socio-environmental impacts of recent sand mining in the Sakarya River, NW Turkey

Okur,

Erturaç,

Nicoll

2023

The Anthropocene Review

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Analysis of multi-temporal satellite images from 1980 to 2019, complemented by geomorphic mapping and field study, indicate that “loose sand” extraction of Sakarya River deposits from the Adapazarı Plain of NW Turkey significantly intensified during the last decade, and mining operations have caused complete and irreversible alteration of floodplain habitat in a total area amounting to ~970 hectares. Our reconstructions estimate the total amount of mined material over a 40-year period since 1980 as ~50 million m3, amounting to ~80 million tonnes of fluvial sand. These sand mine operations, like most around the world, are highly disruptive and destructive but remain unregulated, and neither extractions or environmental impacts are reported or monitored. Our independent study is first to directly assess sand extraction in altering the natural geomorphic setting of the Sakarya River and describe economic, environmental, and social impacts of mining operations. The high demand for loose sand used in cement and concrete infrastructure correlates with changes in Turkey’s political economy, which increasingly focused on construction during the last quarter of the 20th century. Extractive sand mining in this region has caused substantial land loss, soil erosion and water table alterations, which have made agricultural land unsuitable for cultivation, and even destroyed most of the farmland supporting the villages, eliminating the traditional farming practiced for millennia. Continuous mining operations cause constant noise, heavy vehicle traffic and pollution. Furthermore, sand removal from the Sakarya river environment has significantly diminished sediment transport offshore to its delta in the Black Sea; the lower sediment yield diminishes coastal beach nourishment and is accelerating coastal land erosion regionally. The Sakarya case study we describe illustrates the need for (1) improved oversight of human agency that destroys riverine settings; and (2) regulations regarding long term environmental and social impacts of sand mining.

show abstract

Geomorphic changes and socio-environmental impacts of recent sand mining in the Sakarya River, NW Turkey

Okur,

Erturaç,

Nicoll

2023

The Anthropocene Review

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

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Sakarya nehri’nde kum-çakıl madenciliği kaynaklı arazi kullanım değişimleri

Cited by 1 publication

References 0 publications

Geomorphic changes and socio-environmental impacts of recent sand mining in the Sakarya River, NW Turkey

Geomorphic changes and socio-environmental impacts of recent sand mining in the Sakarya River, NW Turkey

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