Sal (Shorea Robusta) Leaves Lignin Epoxidation and Its Use in Epoxy Based Coatings

Abstract

Lignin was extracted from Sal leaves by treating with alkaline solution followed by acidification at room temperature. The extracted lignin was first purified by hot water extraction followed by soxhlet extraction with cyclohexane and ethanol mixture. This purified lignin was epoxidized with epichlorohydrin in alkaline medium. FTIR, UV-Visible, TGA and DTA techniques were used to characterize the lignin and its epoxidized form. FTIR spectra are comparable with other lignin structure in the literature. UV-Visible spectra show a long absorption band in the visible region other than the usual absorption in the UV region. The epoxidized form was mixed with epoxy based primer coating and coated on metal panel for corrosion studies by electrochemical analyzer. The Tafel plot shows that the corrosion rate increases with increase in lignin content in the paint composition.

Characteristics of Animal Slurry as a Key Biomass for Biogas Production in Denmark

“…In case of mink slurry, as can be seen in figure 6, the concentration of lignocellulose in VS and distribution of each fibrous fraction is similar to piglet slurry. The results of lignocellulose charaterisation and BMP clearly demonstrate that pattern of inverse relationship between lignin and BMP, which is in accordance to literatures [10,23,29,32].…”

“…Whereas DM and VS are quantitative parameters for methane production potentials, BMP is the quality parameter that is reflected of bioconversion of organic compositions, which have dependency of methane potentials of each organic composition and its BD. Hence, the BMP value can be used as an index of the BD of substrates to biogas reactors [29]. Figure 5 gives the comparison of BMP results in terms of kg VS and of kg slurry of the animal slurry tested for this study.…”

“…Many studies reported that lignin content and the efficiency of enzymatic hydrolysis have an inverse relationship. [23,29,32] In this text, pretreatment of substrate to increase biogas productivity usually focuses on improving hydrolysis by releasing lignocellulosic bindings, occasionally degrading lignin polymers. To the contrast of the critical role of lignin for anaerobic digestion, a larger amount of lignin is preferable to obtain energy from combustion, as higher heating values of biomass positively correlate with lignin content [33,34].…”

Synthesis and Characterization of Epoxy Thermosetting Polymers from Glycidylated Organosolv Lignin and Bisphenol A

“…For instance, wheat straw lignin leads to higher epoxy values than grass straw lignin under the same reaction conditions. Synthesis of cured polyepoxides with lignin is described with a) a conventional coating primer, b) the diglycidylether of BPA (DGEBA) as additional epoxide compound and different hardeners (triethylenetatraamine, 4,4′‐diaminodiphenylmethane, or a imidazole‐based hardener), or c) without a second epoxide compound, using a tung oil derived hardener or a conventional novolac . The various publications address different aspects of the characteristics of lignin‐based epoxy thermosets.…”

Castor Oil Based Epoxy/Clay Nanocomposite for Advanced Applications

“…However, in spite of such versatility, some of the disadvantages like low toughness, high brittleness and non-biodegradability restricting their utilizations in many advanced applications. Also, the global concern regarding the degradability of polymeric materials in environment compelled the scientists to explore the renewable resources in the production of useful materials (Velayutham et al, 2012;Yang et al, 2011;Biermann et al, 2000;Mungroo et al, 2008;Singh, et al, 2012). Therefore, to overcome such limitations, bio based epoxy resins were produced from vegetable oils.…”