Salacia chinensis L. extract ameliorates abnormal glucose metabolism and improves the bone strength and accumulation of AGEs in type 1 diabetic rats

Abstract

Although extracts of the roots and stems of Salacia chinensis have been used in folk medicines for chronic diseases such as rheumatism, irregular menstruation, asthma and diabetes mellitus, little is known about the mechanism by which Salacia chinensis extract (SCE) ameliorates these diseases. To clarify whether SCE ameliorates the progression of lifestyle-related diseases, the inhibitory effect of SCE on the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) was analyzed in a rat model of streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Although the oral administration of SCE did not ameliorate the diabetes-induced decrease in body weight, it ameliorated the increase in glycoalbumin levels in diabetic rats. An analysis by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) demonstrated that the levels of N(ε)-(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML) were highest in the femurs and that they increased by the induction of diabetes. The administration of SCE also ameliorated the decreased femur strength and the accumulation of CML. Furthermore, when all of the carbohydrates in the chow of diabetic rats were replaced with free glucose, the administration of SCE significantly ameliorated a diabetes-induced increase in glycoalbumin and decrease in serum creatinine level and body weight. This study provides evidence to support that SCE ameliorates diabetes-induced abnormalities by improving the uptake of glucose by various organs.

Mass spectrometric quantitation of AGEs and enzymatic crosslinks in human cancellous bone

“…They analyzed several AGEs and early glycation products in body fluid and soft tissues such as organs and muscles, and sought their potentials as markers or even as causative substances of pathologies such as diabetic complications and chronic kidney disease. We also reported a liquid chromatography (LC)-triple quadrupole MS-based quantitation of CML 23 and N δ -(5-hydro-5-methyl-4-imidazolon-2-yl)-ornithine 1 (MG-H1) 24 in rodent bone. After technological and methodological improvements, we successfully established a system using LC-quadrupole time-of-flight (QqTOF)-MS to quantitate five AGEs and five enzymatic crosslinks in human bone collagen as depicted in Fig.…”

Appetite and Gut Hormones Response to a Putative α-Glucosidase Inhibitor, Salacia Chinensis, in Overweight/Obese Adults: A Double Blind Randomized Controlled Trial

“…The primary purpose of this study was to examine the effect of SC on hunger and this is the first trial to examine this outcome as well as gastrointestinal hormones in a randomized controlled crossover design. Previous studies with Salacia have focused on glycemic indices due to its α-GI properties, indicating improved glycemic indices in healthy and diabetic subjects, and animals have been reported [ 15 , 16 , 19 , 41 , 42 , 43 ]. A similar effect was also observed in this study in overweight/obese individuals who were recruited to address our primary aim to examine appetite.…”

<i>Aphanothece sacrum</i> (Sur.) Okada Prevents Cataractogenesis in Type 1 Diabetic Mice

“…Animal experiments were performed according to the methods of Shirakawa et al (14). All animal experiments were approved by Tokai University (approval number: 131088), and the study was undertaken in compliance with the Guidelines for the Care and Use of Animals for Scientific Purposes at Tokai University (established on April 1, 2007).…”