Salamander Populations and Biomass in the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, New Hampshire

Burton, Thomas M.; Likens, Gene E.

doi:10.2307/1443655

Cited by 363 publications

(241 citation statements)

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“…and juvenile Ambystoma ssp. have been observed climbing plants (Burton and Likens 1975a;Jaeger 1978;Smith et al 2011;Osbourn et al 2012). Generally, salamanders within the genera Plethodon, Aneides, and Eurycea are competent climbers, and some salamander species live in vertical habitats, such as trees, rock crevices, cliffs, and caves (Noble and Marshall 1929;Stebbins 1951;Peck and richardson 1976).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Plant Climbing in the Northern Two-lined Salamander, Eurycea bislineata, in Algonquin Provincial Park, Ontario

LeGros

2013

Can Field Nat

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Lungless salamanders (Plethodontidae) are often active on the surface on rainy evenings, and some species may even climb vegetation in search of prey. Here I report the first investigation of plant climbing in the Northern Two-lined Salamander (Eurycea bislineata). Surveys were carried out along Bat Lake Creek in Algonquin Provincial Park over four rainy nights in summer 2007 for Northern Two-lined Salamanders. I compared the numbers of Northern Two-lined Salamanders foraging on the ground with those climbing on plants, and over half of the Northern Two-lined Salamanders were climbing plants. This behaviour may provide the Northern Two-lined Salamander with access to an underutilized food source, and plants may represent an additional foraging habitat for this species.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Plant Climbing in the Northern Two-lined Salamander, Eurycea bislineata, in Algonquin Provincial Park, Ontario

LeGros

2013

Can Field Nat

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“…of all North American amphibians, the Eastern Redbacked Salamander (Plethodon cinereus) is probably one of the most studied species, because of its wide distribution and abundance in forests of eastern Canada and northeastern united States (Highton 1962;Burton and likens 1975;Petranka 1998), its ecological role (Burton and likens 1975;Wyman 1998), and its potential as indicator of climatic change (lotter and Scott 1977;Gibbs and Karraker 2006) and habitat disturbances (deMaynadier and Hunter 1995) in forest ecosystems. Striking colour polymorphism of this salamander species has long attracted the attention of scientists, herpetologists, and naturalists.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of colour phenotypes of the Eastern Red-backed Salamander, Plethodon cinereus, in North America

Moore

Ouellet²

2014

Can Field Nat

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Moore, Jean-David, and Martin ouellet. 2014. A review of colour phenotypes of the Eastern Red-backed Salamander, Plethodon cinereus, in North America. Canadian Field-Naturalist 128(3): 250-259.the Eastern Red-backed Salamander (Plethodon cinereus) is the most abundant salamander species in many forests of northeastern North America. it is well-known for its colour polymorphism, which includes eight colour phenotypes: the red-backed (striped), lead-backed (unstriped) and erythristic morphs, as well as the iridistic, albino, leucistic, amelanistic and melanistic anomalies. Here we review the various colorations of P. cinereus, with the objective of facilitating the identification of these different phenotypes and of generating interest among field herpetologists and scientists reporting on this species. We also list six previously unpublished occurrences of colour variants in this species (1 case of erythrism, 3 of iridism, 1 of leucism, and 1 of partial leucism). to our knowledge, these cases include the first documented occurrence of iridism in the red-backed morph of P. cinereus, and the first two mentions of this colour anomaly in the lead-backed morph from Canada. showed that they are of the same species (Highton 1959). Both morphs can be found across the species range, throughout southeastern Canada and the eastern united States (Petranka 1998), but in very different proportions (Moore and ouellet 2014). in some areas, both morphs are abundant, while in others, one or the other is more abundant. Monomorphic red-backed populations are not uncommon, while in other cases, redbacked individuals can be scarce or absent (thurow 1955;Highton 1959;Pfingsten and Walker 1978;Reichenbach 1981;Fisher-Reid et al. 2013). the redbacked morph has been reported in five Canadian provinces and 22 American states (table 2), which represents the distribution range of this species. Kentucky, Minnesota, and tennessee are at the limit of the species' range and the lead-backed morph of P. cinereus has not been reported there. in the last decades, studies have suggested that the lead-backed morph of P. cinereus is more closely associated with warmer climates than the red-backed morph (lotter and Scott 1977;Moreno 1989;Gibbs and Karraker 2006; Anthony et al. 2008). However, it seems that the possible role of climate in the distribution of the lead-backed morph has never been unanimously recognized; some doubts still persist in the scientific community about the validity of using this morph as indicator of climatic changes (Angleberger and Chinnici 1975;Pfingsten and Walker 1978; Petruzzi et al. 2006; Anthony et al. 2008). Based on new discoveries in the northern areas of the species' range and on the largest compilation ever made for this species, Moore and ouellet (2014) demonstrate however that climate and geographic variables do not influence the colour morph proportions in P. cinereus populations. Fitzpatrick et al. (2009) mentioned that the most reasonable hypothesis to explain the existence of visual polymorphism across a geogr...

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“…), and mink (Neovison vison) are often associated with riparian areas [25]. Some species of invertebrates, such as the mayfly Paraleptophlebia gergalis, the stonefly Soyedina interrupta, and certain craneflies and crayfish, may even be unique or uniquely adapted to headwater riparian areas [26,27], and amphibians such as salamanders can be particularly diverse and abundant within riparian systems [28][29][30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They function as both carnivores and prey species, and they can compose a significant proportion of forest vertebrate biomass [29,31,32]. For instance, Burton and Likens [29] found that salamander biomass (1.77 kg·ha −1 ) in the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, New Hampshire, was approximately two times greater than the biomass of birds and equal to the biomass of mice and shrews. Similarly, Peterman et al [32] estimated a salamander community biomass (99.30 kg·ha −1 for adult black-bellied salamanders (Desmognathus quadramaculatus); 143.8 kg·ha −1 for the entire stream salamander community) that was greater than that of a Virginia headwater fish community, and they suggest that the biomass of southern Appalachian stream salamanders also exceeded the biomasses of birds and small mammals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Environmental and Anthropogenic Factors Influencing Salamanders in Riparian Forests: A Review

Clipp

Anderson

2014

Forests

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Salamanders and riparian forests are intimately interconnected. Salamanders are integral to ecosystem functions, contributing to vertebrate biomass and complex food webs in riparian forests. In turn, these forests are critical ecosystems that perform many environmental services, facilitate high biodiversity and species richness, and provide habitat to salamander populations. Due to the global decline of amphibians, it is important to understand, as thoroughly and holistically as possible, the roles of environmental parameters and the impact of human activities on salamander abundance and diversity in riparian forests. To determine the population responses of salamanders to a variety of environmental factors and anthropogenic activities, we conducted a review of published literature that compared salamander abundance and diversity, and then summarized and synthesized the data into general patterns. We identify stream quality, leaf litter and woody debris, riparian buffer width, and soil characteristics as major environmental factors influencing salamander populations in riparian forests, describe and explain salamander responses to those factors, and discuss the effects of anthropogenic activities such as timber harvest, prescribed fires, urbanization, road construction, and habitat fragmentation. This review can assist land and natural resource managers in anticipating the consequences of human activities and preparing strategic conservation plans. OPEN ACCESSForests 2014, 5 2680

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Salamander Populations and Biomass in the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, New Hampshire

Cited by 363 publications

References 14 publications

Plant Climbing in the Northern Two-lined Salamander, <em>Eurycea bislineata</em>, in Algonquin Provincial Park, Ontario

Plant Climbing in the Northern Two-lined Salamander, <em>Eurycea bislineata</em>, in Algonquin Provincial Park, Ontario

A review of colour phenotypes of the Eastern Red-backed Salamander, <em>Plethodon cinereus</em>, in North America

Environmental and Anthropogenic Factors Influencing Salamanders in Riparian Forests: A Review

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