Salen based Schiff bases to flame retard thermoplastic polyurethane mimicking operational strategies of thermosetting resin

Naik, Anil D.; Fontaine, Gaëlle; Bellayer, Séverine; Bourbigot, Serge

doi:10.1039/c5ra06242j

Cited by 39 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…On the other hand, TGA results ( Figure 1C) shows that there was interaction between LFX and TPU. Similar behaviour was reported when TPU was combined with tetracycline, ciprofloxacin or Schiff base additives [14,33,34]. It has been proposed that the C=O groups present in the TPU urethane groups can stablish non-covalent interactions with the drug.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

3D Printing of Drug-Loaded Thermoplastic Polyurethane Meshes: A Potential Material for Soft Tissue Reinforcement in Vaginal Surgery

et al. 2020

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Current strategies to treat pelvic organ prolapse (POP) or stress urinary incontinence (SUI), include the surgical implantation of vaginal meshes. Recently, there have been multiple reports of issues generated by these meshes conventionally made of poly(propylene). This material is not the ideal candidate, due to its mechanical properties leading to complications such as chronic pain and infection. In the present manuscript, we propose the use of an alternative material, thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), loaded with an antibiotic in combination with fused deposition modelling (FDM) to prepare safer vaginal meshes. For this purpose, TPU filaments containing levofloxacin (LFX) in various concentrations (e.g., 0.25%, 0.5%, and 1%) were produced by extrusion. These filaments were used to 3D print vaginal meshes. The printed meshes were fully characterized through different tests/analyses such as fracture force studies, attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared, thermal analysis, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray microcomputed tomography (μCT), release studies and microbiology testing. The results showed that LFX was uniformly distributed within the TPU matrix, regardless the concentration loaded. The mechanical properties showed that poly(propylene) (PP) is a tougher material with a lower elasticity than TPU, which seemed to be a more suitable material due to its elasticity. In addition, the printed meshes showed a significant bacteriostatic activity on both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli cultures, minimising the risk of infection after implanting them. Therefore, the incorporation of LFX to the TPU matrix can be used to prepare anti-infective vaginal meshes with enhanced mechanical properties compared with current PP vaginal meshes.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

3D Printing of Drug-Loaded Thermoplastic Polyurethane Meshes: A Potential Material for Soft Tissue Reinforcement in Vaginal Surgery

et al. 2020

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“…The first stage (around 290 °C) is the degradation of hard segments, forming isocyanates and alcohols, primary or secondary amines, olefins, and carbon dioxide. The second stage (around 390 °C) corresponds to the thermal degradation of soft polyol segments, which is characterized by the formation of a melt pool and rapid weight loss . There is no char remaining beyond 600 °C, indicating complete degradation of polyurethane.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The second stage (around 390 °C) corresponds to the thermal degradation of soft polyol segments, which is characterized by the formation of a melt pool and rapid weight loss. [37,38] There is no char remaining beyond 600 °C, indicating complete degradation of polyurethane. The coatings do not delay the initial degradation of PUF, but significantly reduce its thermal degradation at the later stages where the mass loss is more than 20%.…”

Section: Thermal Stability Of Coated Foammentioning

confidence: 99%

Combination Intumescent and Kaolin‐Filled Multilayer Nanocoatings that Reduce Polyurethane Flammability

Liu

Qin

et al. 2018

Macro Materials & Eng

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Chitosan (CH), ammonium polyphosphate (APP), CH and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA)‐stabilized kaolin (KAO) clay are deposited as quadlayers onto the surface of flexible polyurethane foam (PUF) via layer‐by‐layer assembly in order to improve the fire resistance of the foam. The effectiveness of this nanocoating on flame suppression is compared to control films without KAO and bilayer coatings. PUF coated with only five CH/APP/CH/PAA‐KAO quadlayers (around 184 nm thick) maintains its open porous structure and self‐extinguishes upon exposure to a butane torch flame for 10 s. Cone calorimetry reveals that this coating reduces the peak heat release rate and total smoke release by 66.8% and 59.3%, respectively, compared with uncoated foam. Thermogravimetric analysis under nitrogen indicates the combination of intumescent components and clay promotes char formation and improves the thermal stability of the polyurethane substrate. This multilayer coating has the potential to improve the fire safety for PUF, commonly used in home furnishings, and a variety of other polymeric substrates.

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“… Other studies on Salen‐based flame retardants in TPU have also been reported. Although Salen‐type Schiff base derivatives can be used to produce flame‐retarding polymers，the thermal cross‐linking process of the Salen component mainly occurs in the condensed phase and has no significant effect on the gas‐phase during the combustion of polymers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phosphorus‐containing Salen‐metal complexes investigated for enhancing the fire safety of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)

Zhang

Cui

Wang

et al. 2020

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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Three novel phosphorus-containing Salen-based derivatives (Salen-DPCP-M: M = Ni, Zn, and Mn), which include both phenyl phosphate structures (DPCP) and Salenmetal complexes, were prepared for enhancing the fire safety of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU). Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that Salen-DPCP-M altered the thermal degradation pathways of TPU probably due to the phosphoruscontaining structure of Salen-DPCP-M. The cone calorimeter test showed that the addition of 3 wt% of Salen-DPCP-Ni, Salen-DPCP-Zn, and Salen-DPCP-Mn lowered the peak of heat release rate (PHRR) from 1495 kW/m 2 for neat TPU to 690, 875, and 813 kW/m 2 , respectively, for the TPU composites, which demonstrated that Salen-DPCP-M improved the fire safety of TPU. In addition, the release of toxic CO gas from the Salen-DPCP-Ni/TPU and Salen-DPCP-Zn/TPU composites was reduced by 78.2% and 80.0%, respectively. The results of TGA/infrared spectrometry (TG-FTIR) showed that the incorporation of Salen-DPCP-Ni promoted the release CO 2 , while reducing the formation of harmful gases. Laser Raman spectroscopy (LRS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that Salen-DPCP-Ni/TPU and Salen-DPCP-Zn/TPU composites formed a dense and stable char layer. Herein, the mechanism of these flame retardants containing novel phosphorus-containing Salen-metal complexes is also proposed. K E Y W O R D S fire safety, metal, phosphorus, Salen 1 | INTRODUCTION Salen derivatives have been widely used in a variety of applications, including catalytic, 1 antitumor therapy, 2 and antimicrobial treatment. 3 At present, their use in the field of flame retardants is attracting attention because the Schiff base structure of Salen shows good flame retardancy in polymers. Fontaine et al introduced N,N 0 -bis (4-hydroxysalicylidene) ethylenediamine copper(II) complex (CC2) and N,N 0 -bis (5-hydroxysalicylidene) ethylenediamine copper(II) complex (CC3) into a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) matrix. The peak heat release rate (PHRR) of flame-retarded TPU with 10 wt% CC2 or CC3was reduced significantly, by approximately 50% compared with that of neat TPU. 4 Naik et al showed that the Salen-type Schiff base derivative could undergo polycondensation by covalent cross-linking, via a mechanism similar to that of the formation of phenolic/resorcinol resins, indicating that the Salen-type Schiff base had an effective flame retardant effect, mainly in the condensed phase. 5 Other studies on Salen-based flame retardants in TPU have also been reported. 6,7 Although Salen-type Schiff base derivatives can be used to produce flame-retarding polymers，the thermal cross-linking process of the Salen component mainly occurs in the condensed phase and has no significant effect on the gas-phase during the combustion of polymers.Phosphorus-containing flame retardants are of major interest because of their high flame retardancy both in gas and condensed

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Salen based Schiff bases to flame retard thermoplastic polyurethane mimicking operational strategies of thermosetting resin

Cited by 39 publications

References 37 publications

3D Printing of Drug-Loaded Thermoplastic Polyurethane Meshes: A Potential Material for Soft Tissue Reinforcement in Vaginal Surgery

3D Printing of Drug-Loaded Thermoplastic Polyurethane Meshes: A Potential Material for Soft Tissue Reinforcement in Vaginal Surgery

Combination Intumescent and Kaolin‐Filled Multilayer Nanocoatings that Reduce Polyurethane Flammability

Phosphorus‐containing Salen‐metal complexes investigated for enhancing the fire safety of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)

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