Salicylic Acid and Calcium Treatments Improves Wheat Vigor, Lipids and Phenolics Under High Salinity

Abstract

Seed vigor is a complex physiological trait required to ensure the rapid and uniform emergence of plants in the field under different environmental conditions. Therefore, salicylic acid (SA, 0.5 mM) and calcium (Ca 2+ , 50 mM) priming were used as exogenous growth enhancers to stimulate wheat (Triticum durum Desf. cv. Yelken) seed vigor under high salinity. The main aim was to address whether priming of wheat with SA, Ca 2+ and SA+Ca (SA, 0.5 mM + Ca 2+ , 50 mM; their combination) could bring about supplementary agronomic benefits particularly under stressful environments such as salinity. Exogenous application of SA or Ca 2+ alone improved plant behavior in the presence of salinity stress. Nevertheless, the best results in terms of growth, seed vigor and total phenolic -flavonoids, chlorophyll -carotenoids contents and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), ascorbic acide oxidase (AAO) activities and lipid peroxidation levels (LPO) were obtained in response to the combined SA+Ca treatment.

Role of Ca2+ in phenolic compound metabolism of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) sprouts under NaCl stress

“…This study verified that the CaCl 2 treatment could significantly induce elevation of protein expression and activity of PAL. It further led to high contents of total phenolic compounds and phenolic acids (Figs and ), consistent with previous studies . While, Ca 2+ channel blockers La 3+ and the Ca 2+ release channel inhibitor 2‐APB significantly hindered NaCl‐induced PAL activity and its gene expression.…”

“…It further led to high contents of total phenolic compounds and phenolic acids ( wileyonlinelibrary.com/jsfa and 5), consistent with previous studies. 8,9 While, Ca 2+ channel blockers La 3+ and the Ca 2+ release channel inhibitor 2-APB significantly hindered NaCl-induced PAL activity and its gene expression. In addition, reductions in phenolic compound content and PAL activity were also observed in response to Ca 2+ chelator EGTA treatment.…”

“…Castañeda and Pérez demonstrated that 1 μmol L −1 calcium chloride (CaCl 2 ) increased both PAL activity and phenolics content in lemon seedlings. Exogenous application of Ca 2+ improved phenolic compound contents and PAL activity in germinating wheat under 30% salinity stress . Calcium signaling pathway has also been confirmed to be involved in grape anthocyanin biosynthesis by activating flavonoid pathway genes .…”

“…Exogenous application of Ca 2+ improved phenolic compound contents and PAL activity in germinating wheat under 30% salinity stress. 9 Calcium signaling pathway has also been confirmed to be involved in grape anthocyanin biosynthesis by activating flavonoid pathway genes. 10 In contrast, Teixeira et al 11 found that enhanced Ca 2+ supply reduced phenolic compound production and lignification due to a low PAL activity in soybean root growth.…”

Application of seaweed organic components increases tolerance to Fe deficiency in tomato plants

“…Several studies reported positive effects on plant biomass under abiotic stress conditions after the application of SA, GA, SoA, MA, and LA, although none with respect to nutrient imbalance. Related to this, SA application at different concentrations, 0.5 mM (69 mg/L) in seeds of wheat [49], 100-300 mg/L sprayed in rosemary leaves [50] or 0.7-1.4 mM (96-193 mg/L) sprayed in sunflower [51] with high salinity showed a significant increase in FW. Applications in the nutrient solution of 1-2 mM (170-240 mg/L) GA in soybean under low temperatures [22] or applications of 0.75-1 mM (127-255 mg /L) GA in rice under salinity [20] increased the relative growth rate compared to the control.…”