Salicylic Acid Is Not the Translocated Signal Responsible for Inducing Systemic Acquired Resistance but Is Required in Signal Transduction.

Vernooij, Bernard; Friedrich, Leslie; Morse, Alison M.; Reist, Roland; Kolditz-Jawhar, Rachida; Ward, Eric; Uknes, Scott; Keßmann, Helmut; Ryals, John

doi:10.1105/tpc.6.7.959

Cited by 459 publications

(187 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…In eucaryotic cells, SA seems to be involved in some linked events such as: (1) signal transduction during SAR response [52]; (2)induction of changes associated to HR in potato [ 17]; (3) induction of heat production in plants [36]; (4) uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation [32];…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accumulation of cytosolic glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase RNA under biological stress conditions and elicitor treatments in potato

et al. 1996

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Plants respond to pathogen infection and environmental stress by regulating the coordinate expression of many stress-related genes. In plants, the expression of the glycolytic enzyme glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is induced under environmental stress. This work was aimed at investigating whither the expression pattern of cytosolic GAPDH is also modulated upon infection of potato plants (Solanum tuberosum L.) with the late blight fungal agent Phytophthora infestans. Northern blot analysis showed the accumulation of the GAPDH gene transcripts in leaves and stems of inoculated potato plants. When tuber discs were treated with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), an elicitor found in P. infestans, GAPDH gene transcripts level increased. The increase was parallel to that of the hydroxymethyl glutharyl coenzyme A reductase (HMGR), an enzyme involved in pathogen defense reactions. Glucans obtained from P. infestans cell wall acts synergistically with EPA on GAPDH and HMGR gene induction. Salicylic acid, an endogenous signal for inducing systemic acquired resistance, was also effective in stimulating the GAPDH transcript accumulation in potato leaves. These experiments suggest that related multi-component factors, which are part of both primary and secondary metabolism, are probably regulated by similar signal transduction pathways when they are induced under biotic or abiotic stress conditions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accumulation of cytosolic glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase RNA under biological stress conditions and elicitor treatments in potato

et al. 1996

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“…This phenomenon, termed systemic acquired resistance (SAR), is accompanied by the expression of a wide range of defense-related genes, in particular the pathogenesis-related (PR) genes. Several studies also indicate that salicylic acid (SA) is a necessary signal for SAR [20,43]. Recent data suggest that one role of SA could be the binding and inactivation of an isoform of catalase [8,9,10], which may increase the levels of H202 during pathogenesis.…”

Section: Conservation Of the Expression Characteristics Of The Hsr Genesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of hsr201 and hsr515, two tobacco genes preferentially expressed during the hypersensitive reaction provoked by phytopathogenic bacteria

1996

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During an incompatible interaction between tobacco and the bacterial phytopathogen Pseudomonas solanacearum, 2 classes of genes, the so-called hsr (hypersensitivity-related) genes, activated preferentially during the hypersensitive reaction, and the str (sensitivity-related) genes, expressed strongly during compatible and incompatible interactions, have been identified. In this report, two hsr cDNA clones, hsr515 and hsr201, as well as their expression patterns are presented. Hsr515 was found to encode a P450 monooxygenase and is most similar to the ripening-related avocado gene CYP71A1 (40.6% amino acid identity). Hsr201 presents 58.6% amino acid identity with pTom36, a tomato gene expressed during fruit maturation. The putative functions of the hsr gene products appear to be quite diverse and their characteristics of activation were found to be very conserved: accumulation of the corresponding mRNAs primarily in leaf areas in contact with the avirulent P. solanacearum strain or with a Pseudomonas fluorescens strain containing the hrpZ gene encoding a necrotizing polypeptide, harpin and absence of expression during normal plant development. Our results also suggest that, in a tobacco line expressing NahG, a lower level of salicylic acid, a compound associated with systemic acquired resistance, and also possibly involved in the development of necrotic lesions characteristic of the HR, does not affect the hsr gene expression.

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“…NahG tobacco plants were used in grafting experiments to test whether SA is the translocated signal responsible for inducing SAR [14]. While SA is required in systemic tissue in order to induce the resistant state, it does not appear to be the translocated signal responsible for triggering the SAR signal transduction pathway.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of tobacco plants expressing a bacterial salicylate hydroxylase gene

Friedrich¹,

Vernooij²,

Gaffney³

et al. 1995

Plant Mol Biol

156

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Transgenic tobacco plants that express the bacterial nahG gene encoding salicylate hydroxylase have been shown to accumulate very little salicylic acid and to be defective in their ability to induce systemic acquired resistance (SAR). In recent experiments using transgenic NahG tobacco and Arabidopsis plants, we have also demonstrated that salicylic acid plays a central role in both disease susceptibility and genetic resistance. In this paper, we further characterize tobacco plants that express the salicylate hydroxylase enzyme. We show that tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) inoculation of NahG tobacco leaves induces the accumulation of the nahG mRNA in the pathogen infected leaves, presumably due to enhanced stabilization of the bacterial mRNA. SAR-associated genes are expressed in the TMV-infected leaves, but this is localized to the area surrounding necrotic lesions. Localized acquired resistance (LAR) is not induced in the TMV-inoculated NahG plants suggesting that LAR, like SAR, is dependent on SA accumulation. When SA is applied to nahG-expressing leave's SAR gene expression does not result. We have confirmed earlier reports that the salicylate hydroxylase enzyme has a narrow substrate specificity and we find that catechol, the breakdown product of salicylic acid, neither induces acquired resistance nor prevents the SA-dependent induction of the SAR genes.

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Salicylic Acid Is Not the Translocated Signal Responsible for Inducing Systemic Acquired Resistance but Is Required in Signal Transduction.

Cited by 459 publications

References 12 publications

Accumulation of cytosolic glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase RNA under biological stress conditions and elicitor treatments in potato

Accumulation of cytosolic glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase RNA under biological stress conditions and elicitor treatments in potato

Characterization of hsr201 and hsr515, two tobacco genes preferentially expressed during the hypersensitive reaction provoked by phytopathogenic bacteria

Characterization of tobacco plants expressing a bacterial salicylate hydroxylase gene

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