Salicylic Acid Suppresses Apical Hook Formation via NPR1-Mediated Repression of EIN3 and EIL1 in Arabidopsis

Huang, Peixin; Dong, Zhaohui; Guo, Pengru; Zhang, Xing; Qiu, Yuping; Li, Bosheng; Wang, Yichuan; Guo, Hongwei

doi:10.1105/tpc.19.00658

Cited by 77 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…We next asked whether ET signaling, which is also pivotal for resistance to fungal pathogens [ 10 , 12 , 13 ], could be the one impaired in pyr1 plants due to the elevated levels of SA. This hypothesis gained even more relevance in view of the recently described mechanism explaining the antagonism between SA and ET in the suppression of apical hook formation and early seedling establishment via NPR1-mediated repression of EIN3 and EIL1 [ 16 ]. We, therefore, assayed Col-0 and pyr1 seedlings, grown in the dark in the presence or absence of a low concentration of the ethylene precursor ACC (5 μM), for the induction of the ET-mediated triple response.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, SA acts antagonistically with ET [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ], and their biosynthesis pathways can be mutually repressed [ 14 , 15 ]. More recently, Huang et al [ 16 ] revealed a mechanism by which SA antagonizes ET signaling: the direct interaction of NPR1 (the core component of SA signaling) with EIN3 (the transcription factor mediating ET-responses) blocks transcription of EIN3-induced genes, and this interaction is further enhanced by SA. Therefore, tradeoffs between plant defenses against pathogens with different lifestyles must be strictly regulated [ 4 , 17 ], implying the fine-tuned deployment of conserved defense signals in different plant-pathogen interactions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Role of ABA in Plant Immunity is Mediated through the PYR1 Receptor

García-Andrade

González

González-Guzmán

et al. 2020

IJMS

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ABA is involved in plant responses to a broad range of pathogens and exhibits complex antagonistic and synergistic relationships with salicylic acid (SA) and ethylene (ET) signaling pathways, respectively. However, the specific receptor of ABA that triggers the positive and negative responses of ABA during immune responses remains unknown. Through a reverse genetic analysis, we identified that PYR1, a member of the family of PYR/PYL/RCAR ABA receptors, is transcriptionally upregulated and specifically perceives ABA during biotic stress, initiating downstream signaling mediated by ABA-activated SnRK2 protein kinases. This exerts a damping effect on SA-mediated signaling, required for resistance to biotrophic pathogens, and simultaneously a positive control over the resistance to necrotrophic pathogens controlled by ET. We demonstrated that PYR1-mediated signaling exerted control on a priori established hormonal cross-talk between SA and ET, thereby redirecting defense outputs. Defects in ABA/PYR1 signaling activated SA biosynthesis and sensitized plants for immune priming by poising SA-responsive genes for enhanced expression. As a trade-off effect, pyr1-mediated activation of the SA pathway blunted ET perception, which is pivotal for the activation of resistance towards fungal necrotrophs. The specific perception of ABA by PYR1 represented a regulatory node, modulating different outcomes in disease resistance.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of ABA in Plant Immunity is Mediated through the PYR1 Receptor

García-Andrade

González

González-Guzmán

et al. 2020

IJMS

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“…The SaNPR1 gene was annotated as a regulatory protein NPR1-like, which is a positive regulatory gene in the salicylic acid signal pathway. Studies have shown that NRP1 participates in abiotic stresses including low temperature and salt stress through the salicylic acid signaling pathway [36][37][38][39][40], and that salicylic acid, as a plant stress signal, plays an important role under high pH stress conditions [41]. In the ethylene signaling pathway, 17 genes related to serine/threonine-protein kinase CTR1 were upregulated.…”

Section: Functional Classifications Using Kegg Pathways Under Alkali mentioning

confidence: 99%

De novo transcriptome sequencing and analysis of salt-, alkali-, and drought-responsive genes in Sophora alopecuroides

et al. 2020

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Background: Salinity, alkalinity, and drought stress are the main abiotic stress factors affecting plant growth and development. Sophora alopecuroides L., a perennial leguminous herb in the genus Sophora, is a highly salt-tolerant sand-fixing pioneer species distributed mostly in Western Asia and northwestern China. Few studies have assessed responses to abiotic stress in S. alopecuroides. The transcriptome of the genes that confer stress-tolerance in this species has not previously been sequenced. Our objective was to sequence and analyze this transcriptome. Results: Twelve cDNA libraries were constructed in triplicate from mRNA obtained from Sophora alopecuroides for the control and salt, alkali, and drought treatments. Using de novo assembly, 902,812 assembled unigenes were generated, with an average length of 294 bp. Based on similarity searches, 545,615 (60.43%) had at least one significant match in the Nr, Nt, Pfam, KOG/COG, Swiss-Prot, and GO databases. In addition, 1673 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained from the salt treatment, 8142 from the alkali treatment, and 17,479 from the drought treatment. A total of 11,936 transcription factor genes from 82 transcription factor families were functionally annotated under salt, alkali, and drought stress, these include MYB, bZIP, NAC and WRKY family members. DEGs were involved in the hormone signal transduction pathway, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites and antioxidant enzymes; this suggests that these pathways or processes may be involved in tolerance towards salt, alkali, and drought stress in S. alopecuroides. Conclusion: Our study first reported transcriptome reference sequence data in Sophora alopecuroides, a non-model plant without a reference genome. We determined digital expression profile and discovered a broad survey of unigenes associated with salt, alkali, and drought stress which provide genomic resources available for Sophora alopecuroides.

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“…MAS-DNP enhances NMR sensitivity by tens to hundreds of folds, which allows us to skip isotope enrichment and use unlabeled samples to measure 2D 13 C– 13 C/ 15 N correlation spectra for high-resolution structural characterization [ 20 – 22 ]. Regarding the plant biomass, three exploratory studies have been conducted to reveal the restructuring effect of ball milling on cotton cellulose [ 23 ], the alternation of xylan conformations induced by genetic mutations of rice [ 24 ], and the compositional changes of lignin in high-S and low-S poplar [ 25 ]. With the rapid development of DNP instrumentation [ 26 – 29 ] and radical design [ 30 – 33 ], this is certainly a direction of great potential but not yet explicitly explored for plant materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solid-state NMR of unlabeled plant cell walls: high-resolution structural analysis without isotopic enrichment

Zhao

Kirui

Deligey

et al. 2021

Biotechnol Biofuels

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Background Multidimensional solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (ssNMR) spectroscopy has emerged as an indispensable technique for resolving polymer structure and intermolecular packing in primary and secondary plant cell walls. Isotope (13C) enrichment provides feasible sensitivity for measuring 2D/3D correlation spectra, but this time-consuming procedure and its associated expenses have restricted the application of ssNMR in lignocellulose analysis. Results Here, we present a method that relies on the sensitivity-enhancing technique Dynamic Nuclear Polarization (DNP) to eliminate the need for 13C-labeling. With a 26-fold sensitivity enhancement, a series of 2D 13C–13C correlation spectra were successfully collected using the unlabeled stems of wild-type Oryza sativa (rice). The atomic resolution allows us to observe a large number of intramolecular cross peaks for fully revealing the polymorphic structure of cellulose and xylan. NMR relaxation and dipolar order parameters further suggest a sophisticated change of molecular motions in a ctl1 ctl2 double mutant: both cellulose and xylan have become more dynamic on the nanosecond and microsecond timescale, but the motional amplitudes are uniformly small for both polysaccharides. Conclusions By skipping isotopic labeling, the DNP strategy demonstrated here is universally extendable to all lignocellulose materials. This time-efficient method has landed the technical foundation for understanding polysaccharide structure and cell wall assembly in a large variety of plant tissues and species.

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Salicylic Acid Suppresses Apical Hook Formation via NPR1-Mediated Repression of EIN3 and EIL1 in Arabidopsis

Cited by 77 publications

References 81 publications

The Role of ABA in Plant Immunity is Mediated through the PYR1 Receptor

The Role of ABA in Plant Immunity is Mediated through the PYR1 Receptor

De novo transcriptome sequencing and analysis of salt-, alkali-, and drought-responsive genes in Sophora alopecuroides

Solid-state NMR of unlabeled plant cell walls: high-resolution structural analysis without isotopic enrichment

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