Salience of ethnicity in the spontaneous self-concept as a function of one's ethnic distinctiveness in the social environment.

McGuire, William J.; McGuire, Claire V.; Child, Pamela; Fujioka, Terry

doi:10.1037//0022-3514.36.5.511

Cited by 148 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 14 publications

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“…The differences in Black and White experiences in the United States likely create an asymmetry where Black friends are more often in the position of deciding whether or not to share personal race-related experiences. In general, identities are more salient when they are distinctive, that is for groups that are in the minority in a setting (McGuire et al, 1978). Moreover, the persistence of anti-Black racism means that race often plays a more salient role in the daily experiences of Black people and members of other racial-ethnic minority groups than of White people, including in both negative experiences (e.g., being the target of discrimination) and positive experiences (e.g., pride in cultural practices, ingroup solidarity; see Brannon & Lin, 2020; Brannon et al, 2015).…”

Section: Identity Threat In Conversations About Race Between Black An...mentioning

confidence: 99%

A threatening opportunity: The prospect of conversations about race-related experiences between Black and White friends.

Sanchez

Kalkstein

Walton

2022

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

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Similarities are foundational to building and maintaining friendships, but for cross-race friends, differences in experiences related to race are also inevitable. Little is known about how friends approach talking about race-related experiences. We suggest that these conversations are a threatening opportunity. Across five studies, we show that they can enhance closeness and intergroup learning among Black and White friends but that these benefits can be accompanied, and sometimes prevented by identity threat.In Study 1, Black (N = 57) and White (N = 59) adults anticipated both benefits and risks of such conversations, though more benefits than risks. In Study 2A (N = 143) and Study 2B (N = 149), Black participants reported less willingness to disclose race-related experiences to extant White friends than Black friends and anticipated feeling less comfortable doing so, controlling for closeness. However, they also desired to be understood by Black and White friends equally. In Study 3 (N = 147) and Study 4 (N = 172), White participants also felt less comfortable when an imagined Black friend disclosed race-related versus nonrace-related experiences to them. However, they felt closer to their friend after the racerelated disclosure. Additionally, they felt more comfortable hearing about race-related experiences from a friend than through a third party and they reported learning more when the race-related experience was a friend's than a stranger's. Taken together, the studies highlight the benefits as well as the risks of conversations about race for cross-race friends and the need for future studies that track real-time conversations and test strategies to help friends engage in these conversations productively.

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Section: Identity Threat In Conversations About Race Between Black An...mentioning

confidence: 99%

A threatening opportunity: The prospect of conversations about race-related experiences between Black and White friends.

Sanchez

Kalkstein

Walton

2022

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

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Role Models, Ethnic Identity, and Health-Risk Behaviors in Urban Adolescents

Yancey¹,

Siegel²,

McDaniel³

2002

Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med

127

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16: Diffusing the Impact of Tokenism on Faculty of Color

Niemann

2011

To Improve the Academy

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In addition to the expected challenges related to teaching, research, service, and the tenure and promotion process, faculty of color often experience the impact of token status, or tokenism. This chapter describes the personal, psychological, and career‐damaging impacts of tokenism and provides guidelines for professional development professionals that may diffuse these negative impacts by assisting department heads to mentor faculty of color.

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Salience of ethnicity in the spontaneous self-concept as a function of one's ethnic distinctiveness in the social environment.

Cited by 148 publications

References 14 publications

A threatening opportunity: The prospect of conversations about race-related experiences between Black and White friends.

A threatening opportunity: The prospect of conversations about race-related experiences between Black and White friends.

Role Models, Ethnic Identity, and Health-Risk Behaviors in Urban Adolescents

16: Diffusing the Impact of Tokenism on Faculty of Color

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