Saline and Sodic Soils

Bresler, Eshel; McNeal, B. L.; Carter, David L.

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-68324-4

Cited by 391 publications

(119 citation statements)

References 206 publications

(309 reference statements)

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“…where soln H is the enthalpy of solution, R is the gas constant, and "S" refers to the standard condition (T S = 298.15 K) (Sander, 1999 (Bresler et al, 2012) (implying the predominant DIC species to be bicarbonate), the determination of the amount of dissolved CO 2 in soil is essential to the growth and functioning of autotrophs and to distinguishing between abiotic and biotic processes for CO 2 efflux estimation. Assuming that other chemical species are inert, the model includes the following geochemical reactions focusing on carbon and nitrogen dynamics in soil.…”

Section: Mass Transfer Between Gas and Liquidmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydration status and diurnal trophic interactions shape microbial community function in desert biocrusts

Kim

2017

Biogeosciences

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Abstract. Biological soil crusts (biocrusts) are selforganised thin assemblies of microbes, lichens, and mosses that are ubiquitous in arid regions and serve as important ecological and biogeochemical hotspots. Biocrust ecological function is intricately shaped by strong gradients of water, light, oxygen, and dynamics in the abundance and spatial organisation of the microbial community within a few millimetres of the soil surface. We report a mechanistic model that links the biophysical and chemical processes that shape the functioning of biocrust representative microbial communities that interact trophically and respond dynamically to cycles of hydration, light, and temperature. The model captures key features of carbon and nitrogen cycling within biocrusts, such as microbial activity and distribution (during early stages of biocrust establishment) under diurnal cycles and the associated dynamics of biogeochemical fluxes at different hydration conditions. The study offers new insights into the highly dynamic and localised processes performed by microbial communities within thin desert biocrusts.

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Section: Mass Transfer Between Gas and Liquidmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydration status and diurnal trophic interactions shape microbial community function in desert biocrusts

Kim

2017

Biogeosciences

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“…For sustainable agriculture, irrigation should be managed such that the salt precipitation is maintained at high levels without a significant reduction in the crop production (Bresler et al 1982). Simulated results showed that 26 and 30 % of salts applied with irrigation water in the 1.2 and 1.1 ET irrigation treatments, respectively, contributed to the precipitation process when no rain was considered.…”

Section: Scenario 2: Salinization For Different Amounts Of Applied Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling the effects of saline water use in wheat-cultivated lands using the UNSATCHEM model

2012

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Waters of poor quality are often used to irrigate crops in arid and semiarid regions, including the Fars Province of southwest Iran. The UNSATCHEM model was first calibrated and validated using field data that were collected to evaluate the use of saline water for the wheat crop. The calibrated and validated model was then employed to study different aspects of the salinization process and the impact of rainfall. The effects of irrigation water quality on the salinization process were evaluated using model simulations, in which irrigation waters of different salinity were used. The salinization process under different practices of conjunctive water use was also studied using simulations. Different practices were evaluated and ranked on the basis of temporal changes in rootzone salinity, which were compared with respect to the sensitivity of wheat to salinity. This ranking was then verified using published field studies evaluating wheat yield data for different practices of conjunctive water use. Next, the effects of the water application rate on the soil salt balance were studied using the UNSATCHEM simulations. The salt balance was affected by the quantity of applied irrigation water and precipitation/dissolution reactions. The results suggested that the less irrigation water is used, the more salts (calcite and gypsum) precipitate from the soil solution. Finally, the model was used to evaluate how the electrical conductivity of irrigation water affects the wheat production while taking into account annual rainfall and its distribution throughout the year. The maximum salinity of the irrigation water supply, which can be safely used in the long term (33 years) without impairing the wheat production, was determined to be 6 dS m -1 . Rainfall distribution also plays a major role in determining seasonal soil salinity of the root zone. Winter-concentrated rainfall is more effective in reducing salinity than a similar amount of rainfall distributed throughout autumn, winter, and spring seasons.

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“…However, plant species, and even different varieties with a particular species, will differ in their tolerance to a particular ion (Bresler, et al, 1982) . Excessive soil salinity causes inadequate crops and low yield.…”

Section: Problem Soil In the Red River Deltamentioning

confidence: 99%

Problem Soils of the Paddy Fields in the Eastern Coastal Plain of the Red River Delta, Vietnam

Haruyama

Dinh

Le³

2006

Journal of Geography (Chigaku Zasshi)

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Saline and Sodic Soils

Cited by 391 publications

References 206 publications

Hydration status and diurnal trophic interactions shape microbial community function in desert biocrusts

Hydration status and diurnal trophic interactions shape microbial community function in desert biocrusts

Modeling the effects of saline water use in wheat-cultivated lands using the UNSATCHEM model

Problem Soils of the Paddy Fields in the Eastern Coastal Plain of the Red River Delta, Vietnam

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