Salinity-induced Physiological and Molecular Responses of Halophytes

Mann, Anita; Lata, Charu; Kumar, Naresh; Sharma, Prabodh Chander

doi:10.1007/978-981-13-5832-6_10

Cited by 27 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 104 publications

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“…In most crop plants, the main toxic components of salinity are Na + and Cl − . These toxic ions interfere with the normal physiological processes causing membrane damage, nutrient imbalance, altered levels of growth regulators, enzymatic inhibition and metabolic dysfunction, including photosynthesis which ultimately leads to plant death ( Mahajan and Tuteja, 2005 , Kumar et al, 2018a , Kumar et al, 2019 ). Thus the plant growth is impaired by osmotic stress in a first phase and ionic stress in second phase (accumulation of high concentrations of salts (toxic ions) within the plant which damages cell functions and structure) and finally suppress the yield ( Kumar et al, 2018b , Mann et al, 2019a ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of saline irrigation on plant water traits, photosynthesis and ionic balance in durum wheat genotypes

Soni

Sehrawat

Kumar

et al. 2021

Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences

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In the era of climate change, decreased precipitation and increased evapo-transpiration hampers the yield of several cereal crops along with the soil salinity and poor ground water resource. Wheat being the moderately tolerant crop face many challenges in the arid and semi-arid regions under irrigated agriculture. In view of this, the study was planned to explore the potential of durum wheat genotypes under salinity on the basis of physiological traits. Experiment was designed as RBD in three replications to evaluate 15 wheat genotypes with moderate saline irrigation (EC iw – 6 dS m −1 ) and extreme saline irrigation (EC iw – 10 dS m −1 ) along with one set of control (Best available water). Different physiological traits such as water potential (ψ p ), osmotic potential (ψ s ), relative water content (RWC), Na + and K + content were recorded in roots as well as shoots at the reproductive stage whereas photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll content were measured in the flag leaves. A significant variability (p < 0.001) was noted among the genotypes under different stress environments and it was observed that durum genotype HI 8728 and HI 8737 showed less reduction in plant water traits (RWC, ψ p and ψ s ) than the salinity tolerant checks of bread wheat KRL 99 and KRL 3–4. HD 4728 and HI 8708 maintained higher photosynthetic rate as well as higher chlorophyll content under the extreme salinity level of EC iw – 10 dSm −1 . No significant differences were found in root Na + in genotypes KRL 99 (3.17 g ), KRL 3–4 (3.34 g ) and HI 8737 (3.41 g ) while in shoots, lowest accumulation was seen in KRL 99, MACS 3949 and KRL 3–4 at EC iw – 10 dSm −1 . The mean range of K + content was 7.60–9.74% in roots and 4.21–6.61% in shoots under control environment which decreased to 50.77% in roots and 46.05% in shoots under extreme salinity condition of EC iw – 10 dSm −1 . At EC iw – 10 dSm −1 , KRL 99 maintained highest K +/ Na + in both root and shoot followed by KRL 3–4, HI 8737, MACS 3949, HD 4728 in roots and MACS 3949, KRL 3–4, MACS 4020, HD 4758, MACS 3972 and HI 8713 in shoots. The differential response of durum wheat genotypes under salinity particularly for physiological traits, confer their adaptability towards stress environments and exhibit their potential as genetic sources in breeding programs for improving salt stress tolerance.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of saline irrigation on plant water traits, photosynthesis and ionic balance in durum wheat genotypes

Soni

Sehrawat

Kumar

et al. 2021

Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences

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“…Results obtained from the present experiment showed that Salvadora oleoides could not survive at higher sodicity (pH ~ 10.0) and salinity (ECe -35 dS/m) as well as on the mixed sodicity and salinity levels (pH ~ 9.0 along with ECe -10, 15, 20 dS/m). Salt stress generally hastens plant physiology and metabolism aspects, which is attributed to the water and nutritional imbalance and toxic ion accumulation (Kumar et al 2019a(Kumar et al , 2021. Among phonological traits, reduction in plant height is a viable indicator of salt tolerance, or sensitivity.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Salt tolerance is a multifarious phenomenon, as salinized plants experience physiological stress initially from the osmotic stress and subsequently from the specific ion effects (Kumar et al 2016, Mangalassery et al 2017, Kumar et al 2018a). Salt tolerance is a complex trait, involving multiple alterations and integration in the transport and compartmentalization of K + , Na + and Cl − ions, compatible solute synthesis, and morphological adaptation (Kumar et al 2018b(Kumar et al , 2019a. Rehabilitation of salt affected soils with increasing soil salinization and shortage of fresh water availability needs a major shift to evolve innovative technologies and domesticate halophytes of high economic value.…”

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confidence: 99%

Physiological adaptability of Salvadora oleoides to sodicity and salinity stress

2022

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An experiment was conducted in microplots at ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana during 2013–16 to study the adaptive response of Salvadora oleoides, a facultative halophyte under saline, sodic and mixed saline-sodic conditions. S. oleoides was not able to survive at higher sodicity (pH ~ 10.0) and salinity (ECe ~ 35 dS/m) as well as on the mixed sodicity and salinity levels (pH ~ 9.0 along with ECe ~ 10, 15, 20 dS/m). Stress either salinity or sodicity brought reduction in plant height, chlorophyll content and gas exchange attributes, but S. oleoides maintained gaseous exchange at moderate stress level. S. oleoides accumulated 4 fold higher proline under sodic stress and 6 fold under salinity stress. Other osmolytes, TSS and soluble protein decreased with stress intensification to maintain osmotic balance. In comparison to control, sodicity enhanced Na+ and Cl- by 54.57% and 20.33%, while under salinity, Na+ was enhanced by 141.52–256.09% and Cl- by 47.83–115.58% at ECe ~ 15 and 25 dS/m, respectively. Inspite of such higher increase in Na+ and Cl-, S. oleoides retained good amount of mean K+ (1.22%) in leaf tissue. S. oleoides also maintained leaf Na+/K+ below 1.0 under stress condition of pH ~ 9.5 and ECe ~ 15 dS/m. Based on the studied physio-biochemical analysis, Salvadora oleoides exhibited good adaptive potential under moderate salinity and sodicity stress and could be used as a promising salt-tolerant plant species for plantation in salt affected areas.

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“…However, the decomposition process of added pressmud increased the ionic concentration, organics acids and increased partial pressure of CO 2 , which further mobilized native calcite, consequently released Ca 2+ [54,55,59] and led to lowered soil pH, ESP and improved soil properties. As improved soil properties facilitates better aeration, higher nutrient availability, healthier root activity, better water and nutrient absorption, improvement in plant physiological traits (RWC, TCC, E, Fv/Fm, gS, E, Y(II) and K/Na), which further might have helped in better control on the accumulation of Na + ions and maintained lower ionic concentration [60,61].…”

Section: Physiological and Biochemical Attributesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Sodic Water Irrigation and Neutralizing Amendments on Physiological, Biochemical, and Nutritional Quality Traits of Fodder Sorghum

et al. 2023

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This study was conducted at two farmers’ fields to assess the production potential and quality of summer fodder sorghum intervened between the rice–wheat cropping sequences (RWCS) on high residual alkalinity, i.e., residual sodium carbonate (RSC) water irrigation-induced sodic soil. The treatments were comprised of two field sites having different residual alkalinity [RSC~5 me L−1 (RSC–1) and ~7 me L−1 (RSC–2) water irrigation in main plots, four neutralization strategies, i.e., control/unamended condition (N0), gypsum @ 7.5 t ha−1 (N1), pressmud @ 10 t ha−1 (N2) and gypsum @ 3.75 t ha−1 + pressmud @ 5 t ha−1 (N3) in sub plots and two varietal sequences of RWCS, i.e., salt tolerant varieties (CSR 30 basmati fb KRL 210) and traditionally grown varieties (PB 1121 fb HD 2967) of rice and wheat as sub–sub plots. Sorghum cv. Sugargraze (Advanta Company) was grown after the harvesting of wheat and cut for green fodder before transplanting rice during both years. Sorghum physiological and biochemical traits [relative water content (RWC), total chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (gS), transpiration rate (E), chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm), photon quantum yield [Y (II)] and K/Na ratio]; fodder quality traits [Crude protein (CP), and ether extract (EE)] and productivity [green fodder yield (GFY), dry matter yield, CP yield, EE yield and ash yield) and profitability (gross returns, net returns, benefit–cost ratio) significantly decreased with the increase in irrigation water RSC from 5 to 7 me L−1. Proline, total soluble sugar (TSS), total soluble protein (TSP), dry matter (DM), ash, neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF), acid detergent lignin (ADL), neutral detergent insoluble CP (NDICP) and acid detergent insoluble CP (ADICP) decreased with increasing RSC of irrigation water. Sodicity neutralization considerably improved sorghum physiological adaptation mechanisms, fodder quality, productivity and profitability. The introduction of summer fodder sorghum between RWCS resulted in additional net returns (NR) (INR 13.64 to 20.79 × 103 ha–1). Our results indicate that pressmud proved a feasible alternative to replace and/or reduce the quantity of gypsum required for neutralization of RSC water irrigation. Growing summer fodder sorghum between RWCS along with neutralization of RSC water irrigation can increase the availability of quality green fodder during lean period and also increase the profitability of the rice–wheat cropping system in high residual alkalinity water irrigation conditions.

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Salinity-induced Physiological and Molecular Responses of Halophytes

Cited by 27 publications

References 104 publications

Effect of saline irrigation on plant water traits, photosynthesis and ionic balance in durum wheat genotypes

Effect of saline irrigation on plant water traits, photosynthesis and ionic balance in durum wheat genotypes

Physiological adaptability of Salvadora oleoides to sodicity and salinity stress

Effects of Sodic Water Irrigation and Neutralizing Amendments on Physiological, Biochemical, and Nutritional Quality Traits of Fodder Sorghum

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