Salinity induced synthesis of UV-screening compound scytonemin in the cyanobacterium Lyngbya aestuarii

Rath, Jnanendra; Mandal, Swapan; Adhikary, S. P.

doi:10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2012.06.002

Cited by 41 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The cyanobacteria N. punctiforme and Chroococcidiopsis CCMEE 5056 exposed to UV-A radiation produced more concentrated scytonemin when exposed to periodic desiccation stress [24]. Salinity-induced synthesis of scytonemin was also observed in the cyanobacterium Lyngbya aestuarii [29]. Recently, UV-induced biosynthesis of scytonemin (Fig.…”

Section: Induction and Stability Of Scytoneminmentioning

confidence: 90%

Cyanobacterial Sunscreen Scytonemin: Role in Photoprotection and Biomedical Research

Rastogi

Sonani

Madamwar

2015

Appl Biochem Biotechnol

109

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Cyanobacteria are the most promising group of photosynthetic microorganisms capable of producing an array of natural products of industrial importance. Scytonemin is a small hydrophobic alkaloid pigment molecules present in the extracellular sheath of several cyanobacteria as a protective mechanism against short wavelength solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation. It has great efficacy to minimize the production of reactive oxygen species and formation of DNA lesions. The biosynthesis of scytonemin is regulated by different physico-chemical stressors. Scytonemin display multiple roles, functioning as a potent UV sunscreen and antioxidant molecules, and can be exploited in cosmetic and other industries for the development of new cosmeceuticals. Herein, we review the occurrence, biosynthesis, and potential application of scytonemin in photoprotection, pharmaceuticals, and biomedical research.

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Section: Induction and Stability Of Scytoneminmentioning

confidence: 90%

Cyanobacterial Sunscreen Scytonemin: Role in Photoprotection and Biomedical Research

Rastogi

Sonani

Madamwar

2015

Appl Biochem Biotechnol

109

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“…Javor and Castenholz, 1981;Martinez-Alonso et al, 2004). Lyngbya has a pale brownish colour from the presence of scytonemin, a pigment produced in the sheath, which provides protection against damage by UV radiation (Proteau et al, 1993;Rath et al, 2012). Laminated mats with a surface layer dominated by Lyngbya are common where the surface is periodically flooded then desiccated; this represents a pioneer mode of microbial mat, often characterised by relatively low species diversity (Omoregie et al, 2004;Balskus et al, 2011).…”

Section: Microbiology and Palynologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Biogeochemistry of intertidal microbial mats from Qatar: New insights from organic matter characterisation

Słowakiewicz

Whitaker

Thomas

et al. 2016

Organic Geochemistry

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General rightsThis document is made available in accordance with publisher policies. Please cite only the published version using the reference above. Full terms of use are available: http://www.bristol.ac.uk/pure/about/ebr-terms AbstractUnderstanding early organic matter alteration and preservation in marine carbonate-evaporite systems could improve understanding of carbon cycling and hydrocarbon source rock prediction in such environments. It is possible that organic-rich microbial mats are important contributors to preserved hydrocarbons, and to explore this we examined changes in lipid composition in such a mat from a mesohaline intertidal lagoon, eastern Qatar. The mat reaches > 5 cm thickness over a carbonate mud substrate, rich in seagrass, gastropods and other small bioclasts. Clear lamination, with distinct downward colour changes from green to pink to brown, reflects different microbial mat communities. The layers contain spheroids of probable dolomite, the precipitation of which was plausibly bacterially-mediated. Lipids [n-alkanes, fatty acids (FAs), hopanoids, isoprenoid hydrocarbons, dialkyl glycerol diethers (DAGEs), and isoprenoid (0 to 4) and branched (Ia to IIIa) GDGTs] reflect the diverse mat-building phototrophic, heterotrophic and chemoorganotrophic microorganisms, as well as some likely allochthonous material (i.e. steroids, n-alkanols, high molecular weight nalkanes). The lipids clearly document the change in microbial community, with phytene being the predominant hydrocarbon in the phototrophic surface layer. Oxygen and pH drop significantly 0.2 cm below the mat surface, coincident with the predominance of Deltaproteobacteria and increased concentrations of archaeal and bacterial glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether lipids andC 15 /C 16 and C 16 /C 17 dialkyl glycerol ether lipids in the deeper layers. Archaeol, likely of methanogen origin, is most abundant in the deepest layer. Allochthonous inputs occur throughout the mat, including abundant steroids, especially dinosterol and dinostanol, that are possibly related to periodic algal (dinoflagellate) blooms in the Arabian Gulf. Both n-alkanes and n-alkanols appear to be derived from seagrass. Organic matter contents decrease in the deepest mat; this suggests an overall low preservation potential of OM in intertidal mesohaline-hypersaline mats of the Arabian Gulf, which in turn suggests that these are not the major source of hydrocarbons in microbially-dominated carbonateevaporite systems.2

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“…and found that an increase in both temperature and photo-oxidative conditions in conjunction with UV-A causes a synergic increase in the rate of production, whereas increased salt concentration inhibited synthesis. In contrast, Rath et al (2012) showed that salinity induced the production of scytonemin in Lyngbya aestuarii. Fleming & Castenholz (2008) studied the effects of nitrogen source (N 2 , NO 3 − or NH 4 + ) on scytonemin synthesis in Nostoc punctiforme, showing that this cyanobacterial species synthesized three to seven times more scytonemin while fixing nitrogen than when utilizing nitrate or ammonium.…”

Section: Scytoneminmentioning

confidence: 89%

Cyanobacterial metabolites as a source of sunscreens and moisturizers: a comparison with current synthetic compounds

Derikvand

Llewellyn

Purton

2016

European Journal of Phycology

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Salinity induced synthesis of UV-screening compound scytonemin in the cyanobacterium Lyngbya aestuarii

Cited by 41 publications

References 15 publications

Cyanobacterial Sunscreen Scytonemin: Role in Photoprotection and Biomedical Research

Cyanobacterial Sunscreen Scytonemin: Role in Photoprotection and Biomedical Research

Biogeochemistry of intertidal microbial mats from Qatar: New insights from organic matter characterisation

Cyanobacterial metabolites as a source of sunscreens and moisturizers: a comparison with current synthetic compounds

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