Salinity stress endurance of the plants with the aid of bacterial genes

Abstract

The application of plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) is vital for sustainable agriculture with continuous world population growth and an increase in soil salinity. Salinity is one of the severe abiotic stresses which lessens the productivity of agricultural lands. Plant growth-promoting bacteria are key players in solving this problem and can mitigate salinity stress. The highest of reported halotolerant Plant growth-promoting bacteria belonged to Firmicutes (approximately 50%), Proteobacteria (40%), and Actinobacteria (10%), respectively. The most dominant genera of halotolerant plant growth-promoting bacteria are Bacillus and Pseudomonas. Currently, the identification of new plant growth-promoting bacteria with special beneficial properties is increasingly needed. Moreover, for the effective use of plant growth-promoting bacteria in agriculture, the unknown molecular aspects of their function and interaction with plants must be defined. Omics and meta-omics studies can unreveal these unknown genes and pathways. However, more accurate omics studies need a detailed understanding of so far known molecular mechanisms of plant stress protection by plant growth-promoting bacteria. In this review, the molecular basis of salinity stress mitigation by plant growth-promoting bacteria is presented, the identified genes in the genomes of 20 halotolerant plant growth-promoting bacteria are assessed, and the prevalence of their involved genes is highlighted. The genes related to the synthesis of indole acetic acid (IAA) (70%), siderophores (60%), osmoprotectants (80%), chaperons (40%), 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase (50%), and antioxidants (50%), phosphate solubilization (60%), and ion homeostasis (80%) were the most common detected genes in the genomes of evaluated halotolerant plant growth-promoting and salinity stress-alleviating bacteria. The most prevalent genes can be applied as candidates for designing molecular markers for screening of new halotolerant plant growth-promoting bacteria.

Taxonomic Diversity and Functional Traits of Soil Bacterial Communities under Radioactive Contamination: A Review

“…In studies in which these bacteria have been identified, the habitat is not characterized by strong salinity, as in salt marshes. The dominant position of these bacteria in conditions of radioactive contamination can be explained by their high resistance to oxidative stress, accompanying halotolerance [336,337]. In some cases, it can be assumed that bacteria have entered the soil of radioactively contaminated areas from external sources, such as the deep-sea representative Marinilactibacillus piezotolerans [27], which could have been introduced as a result of a tsunami following an earthquake and causing the accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant.…”

The Role of the Plant–Soil Relationship in Agricultural Production—With Particular Regard to PGPB Application and Phytoremediation

“…Accordingly, sequencing, mass spectrometry, and other metabolomics techniques can greatly facilitate the identification of high-throughput molecules for the efficient use of PGPB [ 37 ].…”

Adsorption of Sodium in an Aqueous Solution in Activated Date Pits

“…Irrigation management practices, such as the use of drip irrigation or the recycling of drainage water, can also help to reduce the amount of salt entering the soil. Overall, managing the impacts of high sodium levels in water on soil health is crucial for ensuring sustainable agriculture and protecting ecosystem health (Zamanzadeh-Nasrabadi et al, 2023;Mohanavelu et al, 2021;Agudelo et al, 2016;Musie et al, 2022).…”