Salinity tolerance in halophytes*

Flowers, T. J.; Colmer, Timothy D.

doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2008.02531.x

Cited by 2,295 publications

(1,720 citation statements)

References 203 publications

(330 reference statements)

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“…It is important to emphasize that every substance has a threshold below which it is not toxic, in accordance with the "sola dosis facit venemum" (only the dose makes the poison) principle, famously attributed to Theophrastus Bombastus von Hohenheim (Paracelsus), but, for Na + , beneficial effects are seen well into the range of concentrations that would be considered high for ordinary nutrient ions, such as NO 3 − , NH 4 + , or K + , and, in the cases of halophytes, go far beyond that (Flowers and Colmer 2008). Many of the studies on beneficial effects have focused on the partial to near-complete replacement of potassium by sodium, typically in the concentration range of several millimolar, reporting either no negative, or indeed palpably positive, effects on plant growth and yield.…”

Section: Sodium As a Nutrientmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sodium as nutrient and toxicant

et al. 2013

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Background Sodium (Na + ) is one of the most intensely researched ions in plant biology and has attained a reputation for its toxic qualities. Following the principle of Theophrastus Bombastus von Hohenheim (Paracelsus), Na + is, however, beneficial to many species at lower levels of supply, and in some, such as certain C4 species, indeed essential. Scope Here, we review the ion's divergent roles as a nutrient and toxicant, focusing on growth responses, membrane transport, stomatal function, and paradigms of ion accumulation and sequestration. We examine connections between the nutritional and toxic roles throughout, and place special emphasis on the relationship of Na + to plant potassium (K + ) relations and homeostasis. Conclusions Our review investigates intriguing connections and disconnections between Na + nutrition and toxicity, and concludes that several leading paradigms in the field, such as on the roles of Na + influx and tissue accumulation or the cytosolic K + /Na + ratio in the development of toxicity, are currently insufficiently substantiated and require a new, critical approach.

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Section: Sodium As a Nutrientmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sodium as nutrient and toxicant

et al. 2013

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“…Various compounds have been suggested to accomplish this function in plants, and they include sugars, sugar alcohols, complex sugars, quaternary amino acid derivatives, tertiary amines and sulfonium compounds (Flowers and Colmer 2008). The compatible solutes are mainly distributed in cytosol to balance the high concentration of salt outside the cell and compensate the high concentrations of salt ions in the vacuole.…”

Section: Osmotic Regulation Under Salt Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological adaptive mechanisms of plants grown in saline soil and implications for sustainable saline agriculture in coastal zone

et al. 2013

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There is large area of saline abandoned and lowyielding land distributed in coastal zone in the world. Soil salinity which inhibits plant growth and decreases crop yield is a serious and chronic problem for agricultural production. Improving plant salt tolerance is a feasible way to solve this problem. Plant physiological and biochemical responses under salinity stress become a hot issue at present, because it can provide insights into how plants may be modified to become more tolerant. It is generally known that the negative effects of soil salinity on plants are ascribed to ion toxicity, oxidative stress and osmotic stress, and great progress has been made in the study on molecular and physiological mechanisms of plant salinity tolerance in recent years. However, the present knowledge is not easily applied in the agronomy research under field environment. In this review, we simplified the physiological adaptive mechanisms in plants grown in saline soil and put forward a practical procedure for discerning physiological status and responses. In our opinion, this procedure consists of two steps. First, negative effects of salt stress are evaluated by the changes in biomass, crop yield and photosynthesis. Second, the underlying reasons are analyzed from osmotic regulation, antioxidant response and ion homeostasis. Photosynthesis is a good indicator of the harmful effects of saline soil on plants because of its close relation with crop yield and high sensitivity to environmental stress. Particularly, chlorophyll a fluorescence transient has been accepted as a reliable, sensitive and convenient tool in photosynthesis research in recent years, and it can facilitate and enrich photosynthetic research under field environment.

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“…Plants under salt stress initially show reductions in stomatal conductance, photosynthetic rate and in the biosynthesis of chlorophyll (Rhein et al, 2015), besides changes in water use efficiency and water status of the plant, leading to the inhibition of growth (Flowers & Colmer, 2008;Santos et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gas exchange and photosynthetic pigments in bell pepper irrigated with saline water

Melo

Souza

Duarte

et al. 2017

Rev. bras. eng. agríc. ambient.

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A B S T R A C TThe tools that evaluate the salinity effects on plants have great relevance as they contribute to understanding of the mechanisms of tolerance. This study aimed to evaluate gas exchanges and the contents of photosynthetic pigments in bell peppers cultivated with saline solutions (0, 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 dS m -1 ) prepared using two sources: NaCl and a mixture of Ca, Mg, K, Na and Cl salts, in randomized blocks with a 6 x 2 factorial scheme and 4 replicates, totaling 48 experimental plots. The net photosynthesis (A), stomatal conductance (gs), transpiration (E), internal CO 2 concentration (Ci), instantaneous carboxylation efficiency (A/Ci) and water use efficiency (WUE), besides chlorophyll a, b and carotenoids were evaluated. The gas exchange parameters were efficient to indicate the effects of salinity. All photosynthetic pigments decreased with increased electrical conductivity, and the chlorophyll a is the most sensitive to salinity, while the water use efficiency increased with the increment of electrical conductivity.Trocas gasosas e pigmentos fotossintéticos em pimentão irrigado com água salina R E S U M O As ferramentas que avaliam os efeitos da salinidade nos vegetais apresentam grande relevância uma vez que contribuem para compreender os mecanismos de tolerância. Objetivou-se avaliar as trocas gasosas e os teores dos pigmentos fotossintéticos em pimentão cultivado com água salina (0, 1, 3, 5, 7 e 9 dS m -1 ) elaboradas de duas formas: NaCl e uma mistura de sais de Ca, Mg, K, Na e Cl. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso com arranjo fatorial 6 x 2, com 4 repetições totalizando 48 parcelas experimentais. Foram avaliadas a fotossíntese líquida (A), a condutância estomática (gs), a transpiração (E), a concentração interna de CO 2 (Ci), a eficiência instantânea de carboxilação (A/Ci) e a eficiência do uso da água (EUA) além da clorofila a, clorofila b e carotenoides. Os parâmetros de trocas gasosas foram eficientes para indicar os efeitos da salinidade. Todos os pigmentos fotossintéticos reduziram com o aumento da condutividade elétrica sendo a clorofila a de maior sensibilidade à salinidade enquanto a eficiência do uso da água aumentou com a elevação da condutividade elétrica. Key words:salt stress photosynthesis chlorophyll brazilian semi-arid region Palavras-chave: estresse salino fotossíntese clorofila semiárido brasileiro

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Salinity tolerance in halophytes*

Abstract: Contents Summary945I.946II.946III.950IV.956957959

Cited by 2,295 publications

References 203 publications

Sodium as nutrient and toxicant

Sodium as nutrient and toxicant

Physiological adaptive mechanisms of plants grown in saline soil and implications for sustainable saline agriculture in coastal zone

Gas exchange and photosynthetic pigments in bell pepper irrigated with saline water

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