Salinity Tolerance in Phaseolus Species during Early Vegetative Growth

Abstract

eno-Limó n et al., 2000). However, few salt-tolerant genotypes were identified in these studies. The genus Phaseolus includes important cultivated species as wellIn some crops, wild species have been identified as as wild species with diverse ecological adaptations. Characterization good genetic resources for biotic and abiotic stress tolerof the ecological adaptations of the wild species would be useful for ance (Harlan, 1976). For example, there are several wild improved understanding, conservation, and utilization of these genetic resources. Salinity tolerance during vegetative growth was evaluated species of tomato (Lycopersicon cheesmanii, L. perufor 132 accessions for 14 wild Phaseolus species (P. acutifolius A. vianum,andSolanum pennellii) (Tal and Shannon, 1983), Gray, P. angustissimus A. Gray, P. carteri Freytag & Debouck, P. wheat (Triticum spp.) (McGuire and Dvorak, 1981), filiformis Bentham, P. glabellus Piper, P. leptostachyus Bentham, barley (Hordeum spontaneum K. Koch) (Mano and P. lunatus L., P. micranthus Hook & Arnold, P. microcarpus Mart, Takeda, 1998), soybean (Glycine spp.) (Pantalone et P. mcvaughii A. Delgado, P. oligospermus Piper, and P. vulgaris L.) al., 1997), and cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] and 11 accessions representing five cultivated species (P. acutifolius, (Gulai and Jaiwal, 1996), which exhibit a wide variation P. coccineus L., P. lunatus L., P. polyanthus Greenman, and P. vulin their salinity tolerance compared to their cultivated garis ) in nutrient solution containing 0 and 180 m M sodium chloride species. In addition, some wild relatives of pigeonpea for 21 d. When plants were salinized after the emergence of the first [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millse.] including Atylosia, Rhyntrifoliate leaf, wild accessions of P. acutifolius, P. filiformis, P. lunatus, and P. vulgaris showed a wide range of variation in their salinity chosia, and Dunbaria were observed in salt affected, tolerance as defined by total dry weight reduction (PR) as a percentage dry land habitats (Subbarao et al., 1991), and these genof the unsalinized controls, salt susceptibility index (SSI), and root: era could be a useful source of tolerance to salt stress shoot ratio (RSR). SSI and PR were correlated positively, indicating via genetic transformation. either trait could be used to select salt-tolerant accessions. ClusterCharacters such as yield, survival, vigor, leaf damage, analysis revealed substantial intraspecific and interspecific variation and plant height, have been the most commonly used in salinity tolerance. Salinity tolerance was observed in wild P. micrancriteria for identifying salinity tolerance (Maas and thus, P. mcvaughii, P. lunatus, cultivated P. coccineus, and several Hoffman, 1977;Shannon, 1984). Other indices of toleraccessions of wild P. filiformis, and P. vulgaris. Of these, P. filiformis ance have been proposed that are based on specific was noteworthy in having 9 of 11 accessions rated as highly tolerant.physiological characteristics, for instance, accumulation Wild P. vulgaris ...

Climatic adaptation and ecological descriptors of wild beans from Mexico

“…The species P. filiformis is known for its strong adaptation to arid and saline environments (Bayuelo‐Jiménez, Debouck, & Lynch, 2002; Delgado‐Salinas & Gama‐López, 2015; Delgado‐Salinas, Turley, Richman, & Lavin, 1999; López‐Soto et al., 2005; Porch et al., 2013). Other noteworthy accessions in this regard were found, such as P. maculatus from Cuatro Ciénegas, Coahuila, where precipitation is 18.5 mm per month, and P. purpusii from Charcas, San Luis Potosí, with 30.3 mm of precipitation per month.…”

Growth and Physiological Responses ofPhaseolusSpecies to Salinity Stress

“…These genotypes were classified into three groups: salt-tolerant P. vulgaris, PI325687 (PvWT), moderately tolerant P. acutifolius, G40142 (PaCT) and saltsensitive P. acutifolius, G40169 (PaWS) and P. vulgaris, G04017 (PvCS) based on the ranking in terms of variation on their salinity tolerance defined by total dry weight reduction as a percentage of the unsalinized controls, salt susceptibility index (SSI), and root: shoot ratio (RSR) [27]. Wild species were selected as they are widely distributed throughout the Pacific slopes of Mexico, where saline soils are common.…”

Salinity drives host reaction in Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean) to Macrophomina phaseolina

“…Salinity is one of the major factors affecting agricultural productivity worldwide, especially in the arid and semiarid areas. Even in the fertile Crescent of Jordan, Palestine, Lebanon, Syria and Iraq, and along the Nile Valley (including Egypt and Sudan), where P. vulgaris is a major vegetable crop,~20-30% of the P. vulgaris production areas are affected by soil salinity (Bayuelo-Jiménez et al 2002b), resulting in low yields as P. vulgaris is extremely sensitive to salinity and suffers yield losses at soil salinity levels less than 2 dS m -1 (Läuchli 1984). The physiological responses of P. vulgaris to salinity stress are widely documented and vary significantly between P. vulgaris genotypes (Gama et al 2007), when exposed to salinity at germination, seedling stage (Bayuelo-Jiménez et al 2002a) and early vegetative growth (Bayuelo-Jiménez et al 2002b).…”

“…Even in the fertile Crescent of Jordan, Palestine, Lebanon, Syria and Iraq, and along the Nile Valley (including Egypt and Sudan), where P. vulgaris is a major vegetable crop,~20-30% of the P. vulgaris production areas are affected by soil salinity (Bayuelo-Jiménez et al 2002b), resulting in low yields as P. vulgaris is extremely sensitive to salinity and suffers yield losses at soil salinity levels less than 2 dS m -1 (Läuchli 1984). The physiological responses of P. vulgaris to salinity stress are widely documented and vary significantly between P. vulgaris genotypes (Gama et al 2007), when exposed to salinity at germination, seedling stage (Bayuelo-Jiménez et al 2002a) and early vegetative growth (Bayuelo-Jiménez et al 2002b). Salinity retards plant growth as it reduces the ability of plants to take up water, and when Na + and Cl -accumulate to high concentrations in tissues this interferes with plant metabolic processes, with direct toxicity or nutrient imbalance because Na + competes with K + for binding sites essential for cellular function (Tester and Davenport 2003;Munns and Tester 2008).…”