Salinity-tolerant larvae of mosquito vectors in the tropical coast of Jaffna, Sri Lanka and the effect of salinity on the toxicity of Bacillus thuringiensis to Aedes aegypti larvae

Jude, Pavilupillai J.; Tharmasegaram, Tharmatha; Sivasubramaniyam, Gobika; Senthilnanthanan, Meena; Kannathasan, Selvam; Raveendran, Selvarajah; Ramasamy, Ranjan; Surendran, Sinnathamby N.

doi:10.1186/1756-3305-5-269

Cited by 42 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Mosquito larvae are considered to be mostly restricted to freshwater environments, but all three major genera of medical importance ( Aedes, Anopheles , and Culex ) include both freshwater and saltwater species (Coluzzi and Sabatini , Bradley , Jude et al. ). In the genus Aedes, which includes the vectors of important arboviruses such as dengue, chikungunya, and Zika, all salt‐tolerant species are not disease vectors (e.g., Aedes detritus , Ae.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…aegypti pre‐imaginal stages can develop in brackish waters in Sri Lanka (Jude et al. ) and Brazil (de Brito‐Arduino et al. ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Salinity tolerance is an important trait that governs the ecology of disease-vector mosquitoes by determining the choice of larval habitat, and consequently their ecological and geographical distribution, and ultimately, the disease transmission epidemiology , Yee et al 2014, Surendran et al 2018. Mosquito larvae are considered to be mostly restricted to freshwater environments, but all three major genera of medical importance (Aedes, Anopheles, and Culex) include both freshwater and saltwater species (Coluzzi and Sabatini 1969, Bradley 1987, Jude et al 2012). In the genus Aedes, which includes the vectors of important arboviruses such as dengue, chikungunya, and Zika, all salt-tolerant species are not disease vectors (e.g., Aedes detritus, Ae.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tolerance of disease‐vector mosquitoes to brackish water and their osmoregulatory ability

et al. 2019

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Salinity tolerance is an important trait that governs the ecology of disease‐vector mosquitoes by determining their choice of larval habitat, and consequently their ecological and geographical distribution. Here, we used laboratory strains to determine the osmotic responses of larvae of obligate freshwater disease‐vector mosquitoes (Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus, Anopheles coluzzii, An. gambiae, Culex pipiens, and Cx. quinquefasciatus) and assessed their relationship with salinity tolerance. First, we analyzed the acute dose–mortality response of fourth‐instar larvae to salinity; then, we measured their hemolymph osmolality after 24‐h exposure to varying salinities. We found that Ae. albopictus was the most tolerant species, followed by An. coluzzii, Ae. aegypti, Cx. quinquefasciatus, and An. gambiae, in decreasing order. Cx. pipiens was the least tolerant species. All mosquitoes were hyper‐iso‐osmoregulators, but with species‐specific differences. Specifically, hemolymph osmolality in deionized water varied among species, and Cx. pipiens and the two Aedes species showed the lowest and highest osmolality. Although all species were osmoconformers at higher salinity values, hemolymph osmolality approached environmental osmolality more rapidly in species of the Culex genus, compared with Aedes species where it increased slowly. Moreover, hemolymph osmolality in deionized water was significantly correlated with tolerance to salinity across species. This could allow predicting the salinity tolerance of untested species on the basis of their osmoregulatory ability. However, this correlation disappeared when considering the hemolymph osmolality of larvae exposed to salinities higher than deionized water.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…aegypti pre‐imaginal stages can develop in brackish waters in Sri Lanka (Jude et al. ) and Brazil (de Brito‐Arduino et al. ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tolerance of disease‐vector mosquitoes to brackish water and their osmoregulatory ability

et al. 2019

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“…Dengue is endemic Surendran 2012 , 2013 ), and there have been recent epidemics of malaria Surendran 2012 , 2013 ) and chikungunya (Surendran et al 2007 ) in the Jaffna peninsula. There are no reports of the local transmission of Japanese encephalitis and fi lariasis in the Jaffna peninsula in recent times although their respective primary vectors Culex tritaeniorhynchus and Culex quinquefasciatus are present in the peninsula (Rajendram and Antony 1991 ;Jude et al 2012 ). Furthermore, the larvae of Culex sitiens , a known vector of arboviruses including the Japanese encephalitis virus, are present in domestic wells with salinity ranging from 10 to 20 ppt in the islands off the peninsula .…”

Section: Mosquito Vector Development In Brackish and Saline Watersmentioning

confidence: 96%

Adaptation of Mosquito Vectors to Salinity and Its Impact on Mosquito-Borne Disease Transmission in the South and Southeast Asian Tropics

Ramasamy

Surendran

Jude

et al. 2015

Socio-Ecological Dimensions of Infectious Diseases in Southeast Asia

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Mosquito vector-borne diseases are a signifi cant health problem in South and Southeast Asia. Some mosquito vectors in the region are well known to lay eggs and undergo pre-imaginal development in brackish water. However, a number of other important vectors, e.g. Anopheles culicifacies (malaria) and Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus (dengue and chikungunya), have previously been widely held to do so exclusively in freshwater. But recent evidence shows that these species can also lay eggs and undergo pre-imaginal development in brackish water collections in coastal areas of the region. This property produces a reservoir of vectors that are not targeted in larval control programmes. It can contribute to disease transmission in a previously unrecognised manner that can be compounded by environmental changes caused by expanding populations in coastal zones, climate change and rising sea levels due to global warming. Increased disease transmission in coastal areas will also lead to higher disease incidence in inland areas. Many countries in South and Southeast Asia have long coastlines, a high proportion of coastal zone relative to total land area and a large proportion of the population living in coastal areas. Hence, the region is particularly vulnerable to disease transmission by brackish water vectors. Appropriate policies and strategies need to be developed in a local, national and international context to counter this threat to human health in South and Southeast Asia.

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“…The Mamore river has a good water quality without organic contamination, and a pH between 6.1 and 6.4 (Cholima, Velasco, Rodal, & Zapata, 2014), and it is known that mosquito development is successfully completed in water with a pH ranging between 4 to 11 (Clarck, Flis, & Remold, 2004). The Mamore River has a low salinity, considered among the lowest in the world (Roche & Jauregui, 1998); thus, considering that mosquitoes were reported to reproduce even in brackish waters (Jude et al, 2012), it may be assumed that the water quality of the Mamore River poses no problems for mosquito development.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of exposure to vector-borne diseases due to flood duration, for a more complete flood hazard assessment: Llanos de Moxos, Bolivia

Gomez

Kure

Udo

et al. 2017

Ribagua

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Flood hazard is usually assessed based on the hydrodynamic characteristic of flood (water depth and velocity); however, in riverine floodplains, flood events last for several days. In such cases, the long exposure to flood water may cause additional health problems. Nevertheless, usually flood hazard studies do not consider possible hazards due to flood duration. This paper presents a flood hazard assessment methodology for considering flood duration and exposure to vectorborne diseases, and compares flood hazard maps that include and neglect flood duration. Results from a two-dimensional hydrodynamic flood simulation combined with entomological concepts identify any mosquito-breeding pools. Proximity analyses based on mosquito flying range define the areas exposed to mosquitos; hence, to vector-borne diseases. Results were compared with the probability of mosquito occurrence, showing that solely the consideration of flood depth hazard leads to a false flood hazard assessment, under-predicting the flood hazard. Important cities and areas initially considered safe zones may be exposed to health hazards, due to flood duration. Inclusion of flood duration improves flood hazard assessment; hence, improves flood management plans. Maximum flood depth for oviposition (MFDO) and minimum flood duration (MFD) are important variables for defining mosquito-breeding pools. MFDO is the most uncertain variable. Discussion includes advantages in flood hazard assessment and present methodological limitations.Análisis de exposición a enfermedades vectoriales por la duración de inundación para una evaluación más completa de amenazas por inundación: Llanuras de Moxos, Bolivia RESUMENLas amenazas por inundaciones generalmente son evaluadas en base a las características hidrodinámicas de la inundación: profundidad y velocidad. Sin embargo, en planicies de inundación, las inundaciones pueden llegar a durar varios días. En tales casos la exposición prolongada al agua inundada puede generar problemas de salud. Sin embargo, generalmente los estudios de inundación no consideran las amenazas debido a la duración de la inundación. El presente artículo presenta una metodología para evaluar amenazas de inundación considerando la duración de la inundación y la exposición a enfermedades transmitidas por vectores, y realiza una comparación entre mapas de amenaza por inundación, tanto incluyendo y sin incluir duración. Los resultados de una simulación hidrodinámica de dos dimensiones fueron combinados con conceptos de entomología, a fin de identificar criaderos de mosquitos. Luego, se realizó un análisis de proximidad basado en sus distancias de vuelo, a fin de identificar las zonas expuestas a mosquitos; y por lo tanto, expuestas a enfermedades vectoriales. Los resultados fueron comparados con la probabilidad de ocurrencia de mosquitos. Considerar solo la profundidad de inundación hace subestimar las amenazas por inundación. Importantes zonas urbanas que inicialmente eran consideradas como zonas seguras pueden estar expuestas a amenazas ...

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Salinity-tolerant larvae of mosquito vectors in the tropical coast of Jaffna, Sri Lanka and the effect of salinity on the toxicity of Bacillus thuringiensis to Aedes aegypti larvae

Cited by 42 publications

References 18 publications

Tolerance of disease‐vector mosquitoes to brackish water and their osmoregulatory ability

Tolerance of disease‐vector mosquitoes to brackish water and their osmoregulatory ability

Adaptation of Mosquito Vectors to Salinity and Its Impact on Mosquito-Borne Disease Transmission in the South and Southeast Asian Tropics

Analysis of exposure to vector-borne diseases due to flood duration, for a more complete flood hazard assessment: Llanos de Moxos, Bolivia

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