Salirasib Inhibits the Expression of Genes Involved in Fibrosis in Fibroblasts of Systemic Sclerosis Patients

Abstract

BackgroundFibrosis is a principal sign of systemic sclerosis (SSc) which can affect several organs including the lung, heart, and dermis. Dermal fibroblasts of SSc patients are characterized by persistent and activated Ras and ERK1/2 signaling which stimulates extreme collagen and extracellular matrix synthesis. Salirasib is a Ras inhibitor that competitively prevents the adherence of GTP‐bound Ras to the plasma membrane, that inhibits Ras signaling. This study intended to clarify whether salirasib can influence fibrotic mediators in SSc fibroblasts.Materials and MethodsDermal fibroblasts from 10 SSc patients were treated with salirasib in the presence of TGF‐β1, and mRNA levels of H‐Ras and genes related to fibrosis, such as COL1A1, COL1A2, CTGF, TGF‐β1, fibronectin, ACTA2, and MMP1 was measured by real‐time PCR. The α‐SMA protein expression was analyzed by immunofluorescence staining.ResultsIn dermal fibroblasts of SSc patients, salirasib treatment, markedly downregulated the H‐Ras gene expression. In addition, the protein expression of α‐SMA and gene expression of ACTA2 were inhibited upon salirasib treatment. Salirasib also significantly reduced the expression of COL1A1, and COL1A2 genes and augmented the gene expression of MMP1. The mRNA levels of other genes related to fibrosis such as FN1, CTGF, and TGF‐β1 were significantly decreased upon salirasib treatment.ConclusionConsidering salirasib significantly reduced the expression of genes related to the fibrosis process and α‐SMA gene and protein expression, and given significant upregulation of MMP1 by salirasib, it can be considered as a new curative strategy for fibrotic diseases like SSc.