Saliva Collection Devices and Diagnostic Platforms

Slowey, Paul D.

doi:10.1007/978-3-662-45399-5_3

Cited by 15 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Given the increased interest to use saliva for (epi)genomics, a range of DNA collection kits (available from, e.g., DNA Genotek, Ottawa, Canada, Norgen Biotek Corp. Thorold, Canada and Isohelix, Kent, United Kingdom), stabilizing reagents and purification procedures have been developed . The kits ensure nucleic acid stabilization and isolation of high‐quality and high molecular weight DNA.…”

Section: Sample Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Salivary DNA Methylation Profiling: Aspects to Consider for Biomarker Identification

Langie

Moisse

Declerck

et al. 2017

Basic Clin Pharma Tox

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Is it not more comfortable to spit saliva in a tube than to be pricked with a needle to draw blood to analyse your health and disease risk? Many patients, study participants and (parents of) young children undoubtedly prefer non‐invasive and convenient procedures. Such procedures increase compliance rates especially for longitudinal prospective studies. Saliva is an attractive biofluid providing good quality DNA to study epigenetic mechanisms underlying disease across development. In this MiniReview, we will describe the different applications of saliva in the field of epigenetics, focusing on genomewide methylation analysis. Advantages of the use of saliva and its comparability with blood will be discussed, as will the challenges in data processing and interpretation. Knowledge gaps will be identified and suggestions given on how to improve the analysis, making saliva ‘the’ biofluid of choice for future biomarker initiatives in many different epidemiological and public health studies.

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Section: Sample Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Salivary DNA Methylation Profiling: Aspects to Consider for Biomarker Identification

Langie

Moisse

Declerck

et al. 2017

Basic Clin Pharma Tox

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“…Each step in this process is independent and requires careful consideration of target analyte-dependent issues to prevent undue measurement error, which can multiply in impact within each step. 19,20 Reliable quality control is paramount to success, and thus issues regarding saliva collection and storage are discussed briefly here.…”

Section: Choosing Saliva: Contextual Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the end, several key factors must be addressed before beginning a study concerned with the correlation of analytes between blood and saliva because each factor can contribute to error and variability: (1) the selection of stimulated versus unstimulated saliva, (2) the long-term requirements for the analyte and downstream analytics, and (3) the type of collection device. 20 Below, we consider each of these specific issues in relation to a subset of emerging salivary biomarkers.…”

Section: Choosing Saliva: Contextual Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using an expanding range of DNA collection kits, stabilizing reagents, and purification procedures developed for saliva samples, 20 the yield and quality of both saliva and blood-derived DNA are comparable. 16 Both blood and saliva yield DNA that can be reliably applied to a diverse array of down-stream applications, but given the ease of sampling and reliability of assays, saliva-based DNA analysis has benefited from appreciation and application on population-wide scales.…”

Section: Salivary “-Omics” For Analytical Diagnosticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Not All Biofluids Are Created Equal: Chewing Over Salivary Diagnostics and the Epigenome

Wren

Shirtcliff

Drury

2015

Clinical Therapeutics

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Purpose This article describes progress to date in the characterization of the salivary epigenome and considers the importance of previous work in the salivary microbiome, proteome, endocrine analytes, genome, and transcriptome. Methods PubMed and Web of Science were used to extensively search the existing literature (original research and reviews) related to salivary diagnostics and bio-marker development, of which 125 studies were examined. This article was derived from the most relevant 73 sources highlighting the recent state of the evolving field of salivary epigenomics and contributing significantly to the foundational work in saliva-based research. Findings Validation of any new saliva-based diagnostic or analyte will require comparison to previously accepted standards established in blood. Careful attention to the collection, processing, and analysis of salivary analytes is critical for the development and implementation of newer applications that include genomic, transcriptomic, and epigenomic markers. All these factors must be integrated into initial study design. Implications This commentary highlights the appeal of the salivary epigenome for translational applications and its utility in future studies of development and the interface among environment, disease, and health.

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“…1–6 There are many salivary biomarkers (eg, lipid soluble hormones, enzymes, and immunoglobulins) that can be targeted and analyzed by researchers and clinicians for diagnostic purposes. 6,7 In many cases, saliva sampling is a good alternative to the use of other biological fluids (eg, blood, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid) and offers important advantages, especially when point-of-care sampling is required. 8 The benefits (ie, ease of use, minimal invasiveness, reliability, and tolerability) are sufficient for many biomarkers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Techniques for Augmenting Saliva Collection: Bacon Rules and Lozenge Drools

Peres

Rouquette

Miocevic

et al. 2015

Clinical Therapeutics

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Purpose Saliva is a reliable, noninvasive, and cost-effective alternative to biomarkers measured in other biological fluids. Within certain populations, saliva sampling may be difficult because of insufficient saliva flow, which may compromise disease diagnosis or research integrity. Methods to improve flow rates (eg, administering citric acid, chewing gum, or collecting cotton) may compromise biomarker integrity, especially if the methods involve the presence of a collection aid in the oral cavity. Anecdotal strategies (eg, looking at pictures of food or imagining food) have not been evaluated to date. In this study, we evaluate whether 2 novel collection techniques improve saliva flow or interfere with assay of common biomarkers (ie, cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone, and testosterone). We evaluate an over-the-counter anhydrous crystalline maltose lozenge intended to increase saliva production for patients with xerostomia long after the lozenge dissolves. We then evaluate whether the smell of freshly cooked bacon stimulates a pavlovian-type reflex. Methods Saliva was collected from 27 healthy young adults (aged 20-34 years; 12 men) on a basal day and a lozenge day, providing 5 samples at 15-minute intervals. Twenty participants then returned for the bacon day condition, providing 2 saliva samples with an interval of 15 minutes between samples. Collection times required to generate 2 mL of saliva across collection strategies were recorded, and then saliva samples were assayed for cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone, and testosterone. Findings Repeated analysis of variance measures revealed that both the lozenges and bacon significantly decreased collection time compared with the passive drool collection on the basal day. No significant effects were found related to the quantification of cortisol, testosterone, or dehydroepiandrosterone when comparing lozenge or bacon to the basal day. In addition, bivariate correlations revealed that concentrations from time-matched control samples correlated significantly with concentrations from the lozenge and bacon conditions. Implications These results indicate that both the lozenge and smelling bacon improve saliva collection times and that neither technique interferes with salivary hormone concentrations. This study reveals new methods to augment saliva collection strategies.

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Saliva Collection Devices and Diagnostic Platforms

Cited by 15 publications

References 32 publications

Salivary DNA Methylation Profiling: Aspects to Consider for Biomarker Identification

Salivary DNA Methylation Profiling: Aspects to Consider for Biomarker Identification

Not All Biofluids Are Created Equal: Chewing Over Salivary Diagnostics and the Epigenome

New Techniques for Augmenting Saliva Collection: Bacon Rules and Lozenge Drools

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