Saliva Crystallization in Cattle: New Possibility for Early Pregnancy Diagnosis?

Fedorova, Tamara; Brandlová, Karolína

doi:10.2478/ats-2013-0018

Cited by 14 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 9 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Ступінь вираженості та прояву даного феномену прямо пропорційний активності естрогенів і досягає максимуму під час охоти. Після овуляції рисунок у вигляді «листка папороті» починає руйнуватись на окремі фрагменти і в період активного жовтого тіла набуває аморфного вигляду (Skalova et al, 2013).…”

Section: вступunclassified

Dynamics of arborization of secretions of mucous membranes for the stimulated sexual cycle of cows

2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The changes of arborization of secretions of mucous membranes during stimulated sexual cycle in cows have been investigated. It is established that the dynamics of arborization from the oral mucous membranes, the vestibule of the vagina for hormonal stimulation of the sexual cycle has a direct effect on the level of estrogens in cows. Starting from the third day of research, the number of animals in which we observed a clear arborization increased to four (40%), which indicates an increase in estrogen levels. Instead, six animals (60%) lacked arborization. On the fourth day in the estrus stage (insemination day), the number of cows in the smears we noticed a clear arborization increased to 7 (70%). This was the highest rate during the studies and suggests that only 7 cows had the highest estrogen levels at their peak. From the fifth to the 10th day of the study, a gradual decrease in the number of animals in smears was marked by clear arborization. This, in its turn, is associated with the formation on the site of an ovulatory follicle of the yellow body that begins to produce a progesterone, indicating the stage of the meteor shower. At the 12th of observation in smears of one animal was marked a clear crystallization while in the other nine it was absent. Beginning from the 13th to the 21st day, arboretization in the smears from the mucous membrane of prickly vagina was absent. Only on 14, 15, 17, and 20th day it was noticed singular or not clear arborization. At the 22–24th day of observation in one cow, signs of the next sexual cycle were recorded. Namely, in smears, we noticed a clear arborization, which confirms the renewal of sexual cycle and lack of fertilization. Mucus mucous membranes of spit vagina and saliva of cows for spontaneous want have a longer-term character and a clear figure in the form of a leaf of fern than in the induced sexual cycle, where the drawing was less intense and short-lived in the stage of the estrus. According to our data, one can sometimes observe single crystallization in the stage of metetrusus and diestrus. This is what we associate with the selection of smears from the oral cavity after feeding the animals with concentrated foods, acidic silage, and in smears from mucus, vinegar vinegar – functional disorders in the sexual system.

show abstract

Section: вступunclassified

Dynamics of arborization of secretions of mucous membranes for the stimulated sexual cycle of cows

2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…As in humans, saliva crystallization in association with reproductive status monitoring and optimal mating time determination was studied in females of beagles ( Canis familiaris ) [ 28 ], Holstein Friesian cattle ( Bos taurus ) [ 29 ] and Bactrian camels ( Camelus bactrianus ) [ 30 ]. In beagles, saliva crystallization developed just during the follicular phase of the cycle (proestrus and estrus) and changed step by step from partial to total crystallization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Monitoring of reproduction by non-invasive methods and animal welfare belong to the essential issues for breeding of endangered species, including primates [ 31 ]. Collection of saliva is done directly from animal mouth, but it is commonly considered as a non-invasive method of collection [ 29 ]. Hormone analyses from saliva has been already done in non-human primates (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…studies of Kutsukake et al [ 32 ], or Wobber et al [ 33 ] and others); however, these studies have mostly focused on the monitoring of stress [ 31 ] and saliva was successfully used for menstrual cycle monitoring only in capuchin monkeys ( Cebus apella ) [ 34 ]. To the best of our knowledge, saliva crystallization, as a quick and cheap non-invasive method for monitoring fertile periods with simply interpretable results [ 28 , 29 ], has never been studied in non-human primates or great apes even though they are closely related to humans [ 35 , 36 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For saliva crystallization, samples of saliva can be obtained by different methods, e.g. using tampons [ 10 , 17 , 21 ], fingers [ 19 , 28 ] or other devices [ 37 ] and after collection, saliva should be smeared on a glass slide [ 28 , 29 ]. Sampling can be also performed directly by pressing the tongue on a glass slide [ 28 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Saliva Crystallization Occurs in Female Bornean Orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus): Could It Be a New Option for Monitoring of Menstrual Cycle in Captive Great Apes?

Kubátová

Fedorova

2016

PLoS ONE

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Saliva crystallization was previously studied in both humans and animals with various results. The study aimed to confirm of the presence of saliva crystallization in female Bornean orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus), to evaluate the quality of samples which were collected from animals and processed by keepers, and to test preliminarily if the saliva crystallization could be connected with menstrual cycle and could serve as a cheap, quick and simple method for the basic monitoring of their reproductive status. The research was carried out from September 2014 to January 2015. Sampling of saliva was done in three female orangutans from three zoological gardens (Dvur Kralove, Usti nad Labem, Bojnice) daily, mostly by tongue prints on glass slides with ground edges or by sampling directly from the mouth using plastic spoons from which the saliva was transferred onto glass slides. Samples were evaluated by light microscopy with ×400 magnification. The quality of the sample and type of crystallization was assessed for two different approaches. In total, 246 samples were evaluated. We confirmed the presence of saliva crystallization in orangutans. The quality of samples was variable however acceptable. Unfortunately, it was impossible to detect exact fertile period in two females. However in one orangutan female, when the crystallization was evaluated by the approach typically used in humans, we discovered that saliva crystallization during the fertile period significantly differed from saliva crystallization in the non-fertile period. This points out the possibility of using saliva crystallization for detection of the fertile period in orangutans. However, further research was recommended.

show abstract

Mucin and salt combination simulate typical fern‐like pattern of buffalo saliva smear at estrus

Kumar,

Joshi,

Vats

et al. 2024

Microscopy Res & Technique

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Estrus detection in buffaloes primarily relies on behavioral and physiological signs. Especially during summer, these signs are less prominent to recognize. Thus, estrus detection is a pronounced challenge within the realm of buffalo husbandry, particularly in the summer. Therefore, a simple and accurate estrus detection method is required for buffalo farmers. The observation of fern‐like salivary crystallization patterns is one such simple method to detect estrus in buffaloes, bactrian camels, beagle bitches, and cows. However, the exact mechanism for the formation of typical fern‐like is not known. We hypothesized that it might be because of the estrus‐specific mucins and salts. To test this hypothesis, we prepared the smears by combining different concentrations of mucin type ‐2 (MUC2) and ‐3 (MUC3) with sodium chloride (NaCl). Microscopic examination confirmed that fern‐like patterns resulted from a combination of the MUC3 and NaCl produced more realistic fern patterns than that of MUC2 or BSA with salt. To predict possible mucin and salt concentration showing natural fern‐like patterns at the estrus stage in buffalo saliva, we constructed a guide tree of artificially generated fern‐like patterns using an image analysis online tool. This computation analysis revealed that most of the natural buffalo estrus saliva samples showing typical fern‐like patterns clustered in the cluster 2 of the guide tree comprising of 13 clusters. In the cluster 2, MUC3 in combination with the salt concentrations of 100, 150, and 250 mM was commonly found in a close proximity to the natural typical fern‐like patterns of saliva smear of buffaloes at estrus. Conclusively, the buffalo saliva at estrus is predicted to have a gel‐forming heavily glycosylated protein such as mucin along with at least 100 mM of NaCl.Research Highlights Glycoprotein and salts combination replicates fern‐like pattern of buffalo saliva at estrus. MUC3 and NaCl salt combination produces more realistic fern‐like patterns compared with MUC2 or BSA and salt combination. MUC3 with NaCl at 100, 150, and 250 mM consistently resembled natural estrus saliva fern‐like patterns. During estrus, buffalo saliva is expected to contain heavily glycosylated mucin and at least of 100 mM NaCl.

show abstract

Saliva Crystallization in Cattle: New Possibility for Early Pregnancy Diagnosis?

Cited by 14 publications

References 9 publications

Dynamics of arborization of secretions of mucous membranes for the stimulated sexual cycle of cows

Dynamics of arborization of secretions of mucous membranes for the stimulated sexual cycle of cows

Saliva Crystallization Occurs in Female Bornean Orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus): Could It Be a New Option for Monitoring of Menstrual Cycle in Captive Great Apes?

Mucin and salt combination simulate typical fern‐like pattern of buffalo saliva smear at estrus

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About