Saliva Metabolomic Profile in Dental Medicine Research: A Narrative Review

Tzimas, Konstantinos; Pappa, Eftychia

doi:10.3390/metabo13030379

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…And we highlight, metabolomics research can lead to the identification of new biomarkers related to specific health disorders, and saliva can serve as an informative substance in the armamentarium of metabolomic profiles. 29 Studies were conducted using different mass spectrometry platforms, evaluating biofluids from cigarette smokers and nonsmokers. 17 Garcia-Perez et al highlight the importance of identifying common pathways that discriminate smokers and nonsmokers, with nontargeted metabolomics being a powerful tool that can aid in this process of discovering biomarkers, employing multivariate statistics analysis methods in order to identify combinations of metabolites to discriminate metabolic profiles, and in the future, to identify molecules that can provide insight into biochemical mechanisms.…”

Section: ■ Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that evaluates salivary metabolome of hookah smokers. And we highlight, metabolomics research can lead to the identification of new biomarkers related to specific health disorders, and saliva can serve as an informative substance in the armamentarium of metabolomic profiles …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Preliminary Findings on the Salivary Metabolome of Hookah and Cigarette Smokers

Greenfield,

Alves,

Rodrigues

et al. 2023

ACS Omega

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The aim of the study was to evaluate the salivary metabolomic profile of patients who habitually smoke hookah and cigarettes. The groups consisted of 33 regular and exclusive hookah smokers, 26 regular and exclusive cigarette smokers, and 30 nonsmokers. Unstimulated whole saliva was collected for the measurement of salivary metabolites by gas chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (GC–MS/MS). The MetaboAnalyst software was used for statistical analysis and evaluation of biomarkers. 11 smoking salivary biomarkers were identified using the area under receiving-operator curver criterion and threshold of 0.9. Xylitol and octadecanol were higher in cigarette smokers compared to controls; arabitol and maltose were higher in controls compared to cigarette smokers; octadecanol and tyramine were higher in hookah smokers compared to controls; phenylalanine was higher in controls compared to hookah smokers; and fructose, isocitric acid, glucuronic acid, tryptamine, maltose, tyramine, and 3-hydroxyisolvaleric acid were higher in hookah smokers compared to cigarettes smokers. Conclusions: The evaluation of the salivary metabolome of hookah smokers, showing separation between the groups, especially between the control versus hookah groups and cigarette versus hookah groups, and it seems to demonstrate that the use of hookah tobacco is more damaging to health.

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Section: ■ Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Preliminary Findings on the Salivary Metabolome of Hookah and Cigarette Smokers

Greenfield,

Alves,

Rodrigues

et al. 2023

ACS Omega

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“…It provides insights into the dynamic responses of living organisms at the endpoints of causal pathways [ 93 ]. Saliva’s metabolic profile, in particular, has shown promise in identifying biomarkers for various oral diseases, notably cancer [ 94 ]. Epigenomics The study investigates the complete set of epigenetic modifications in the genetic material of a cell [ 95 ].…”

Section: Scientific Progress In Dental Omicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bridging the gap between omics research and dental practice

Kabbashi,

Roomaney,

Chetty

2024

BDJ Open

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Aim The burgeoning field of omics research has witnessed exponential growth in both medicine and dentistry. However, despite more than a decade of advancements, clinical dentistry, particularly in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs), has seen limited progress in integrating omics-based approaches into routine practice. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the integration of omics approaches in dentistry, focusing on the challenges and opportunities for translating research findings into clinical practice. Methods we conducted a literature review using key databases to provide a brief overview of the history of genomics in dentistry. Additionally, we summarised recent breakthroughs in omics relevant to oral health practitioners, emphasising the inadequate translation of omics research into clinical practice. Results Despite significant growth in omics research in both medicine and dentistry, its translation into routine clinical practice in dentistry remains limited. We summarise recent breakthroughs in omics and highlight the gap between research advancements and clinical implementation. Discussion and conclusion The integration of omics approaches holds promise for enhancing diagnostics, personalised treatment strategies, and preventive measures in dental practice, ushering in a new era of precision oral healthcare. However, several challenges, including infrastructure limitations, cost-effectiveness, and education gaps, hinder the widespread adoption of omics-based approaches in clinical dentistry. A strong commitment to transforming dentistry is required to embrace this transition. This shift has the potential to revolutionise oral healthcare by advancing precision diagnostics and treatment strategies tailored to individual patient needs.

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“…[25][26][27][28][29] Very few studies to date have conducted metabolomics analyses in saliva samples collected from patients with three different periodontal phenotypes. 30,31 Therefore, the aim of this study was to conduct a hypothesis-generating study to investigate the salivary metabolomic profiles of a cross-section of patients with periodontal health, gingivitis and periodontitis.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolomics analysis in saliva from periodontally healthy, gingivitis and periodontitis patients

Alamri,

Williams,

Le Guennec

et al. 2023

J of Periodontal Research

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ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate metabolomics markers in the saliva of patients with periodontal health, gingivitis and periodontitis.BackgroundThe use of metabolomics for diagnosing and monitoring periodontitis is promising. Although several metabolites have been reported to be altered by inflammation, few studies have examined metabolomics in saliva collected from patients with different periodontal phenotypes.MethodsSaliva samples collected from a total of 63 patients were analysed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) followed by ELISA for interleukin (IL)‐1β. The patient sample, well‐characterised clinically, included periodontal health (n = 8), gingivitis (n = 19) and periodontitis (n = 36) cases, all non‐smokers and not diabetic.ResultsPeriodontal diagnosis (healthy/gingivitis/periodontitis) was not associated with any salivary metabolites in this exploratory study. Periodontal staging showed nominal associations with acetoin (p = .030) and citrulline (p = .047). Among other investigated variables, the use of systemic antibiotics in the previous 3 months was associated with higher values of the amino acids taurine, glycine and ornithine (p = .002, p = .05 and p = .005, respectively, at linear regression adjusted for age, gender, ethnicity, body mass index and staging).ConclusionWhile periodontal staging was marginally associated with some salivary metabolites, other factors such as systemic antibiotic use may have a much more profound effect on the microbial metabolites in saliva. Metabolomics in periodontal disease is still an underresearched area that requires further observational studies on large cohorts of patients, aiming to obtain data to be used for clinical translation.

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Saliva Metabolomic Profile in Dental Medicine Research: A Narrative Review

Cited by 12 publications

References 83 publications

Preliminary Findings on the Salivary Metabolome of Hookah and Cigarette Smokers

Preliminary Findings on the Salivary Metabolome of Hookah and Cigarette Smokers

Bridging the gap between omics research and dental practice

Metabolomics analysis in saliva from periodontally healthy, gingivitis and periodontitis patients

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