Saliva microbiome changes in thyroid cancer and thyroid nodules patients

Abstract

ObjectiveThyroid disease has been reported to associate with gut microbiota, but the effects of thyroid cancer and thyroid nodules on the oral microbiota are still largely unknown. This study aimed to identify the variation in salivary microbiota and their potential association with thyroid cancer and thyroid nodules.MethodsWe used 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing to examine the salivary microbiota of thyroid cancer patients (n = 14), thyroid nodules patients (n = 9), and healthy controls (n = 15).ResultsThe alpha-diversity indices Chao1 and ACE were found to be relatively higher in patients with thyroid cancer and thyroid nodules compared to healthy controls. The beta diversity in both the thyroid cancer and thyroid nodules groups was divergent from the healthy control group. The genera Alloprevotella, Anaeroglobus, Acinetobacter, unclassified Bacteroidales, and unclassified Cyanobacteriales were significantly enriched in the thyroid cancer group compared with the healthy control group. In contrast, the microbiome of the healthy controls was mainly composed of the genera Haemophilus, Lautropia, Allorhizobium Neorhizobium Pararhizobium Rhizobium, Escherichia Shigella, and unclassified Rhodobacteraceae. The thyroid nodules group was dominated by genre uncultured Candidatus Saccharibacteria bacterium, unclassified Clostridiales bacterium feline oral taxon 148, Treponema, unclassified Prevotellaceae, Mobiluncus, and Acholeplasma. In contrast, the genera unclassified Rhodobacteraceae and Aggregatibacter dominated the healthy control group. The study also found that clinical indicators were correlated with the saliva microbiome.ConclusionThe salivary microbiota variation may be connected with thyroid cancer and thyroid nodules.

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“…Previous studies showed that Alloprevotella was significantly enriched in oral squamous cell carcinoma tissues [ 45 ] and Alloprevotella was more in outer tumor tissues of oral cancer [ 46 ]. Jiao et al found that compared to normal tissues, Alloprevotella was significantly increased in thyroid cancer tissues [ 47 ]. Wang et al on the other hand, observed significant Alloprevotella enrichment in the intestinal mucosa of azoxymethane and dextran sulfate sodium-induced model of ulcerative colitis carcinogenesis [ 48 ].…”

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“…In a 20-year follow-up study in the UK, patients with elevated TPOAb levels had a higher progression rate to overt hypothyroidism compared to TPOAb-negative patients [ 39 ]. Interestingly, there is evidence to support an association between TPOAb level and the enrichment of oral microbiota in patients with thyroid nodules [ 40 ]. Despite the oral and gut microbiome communities having distinct taxonomic features at the phylum and genus levels [ 41-43 ], prior findings regarding the gut microbiome still support observations about the oral microbiome in this study.…”

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“…Streptococcus and Porphyromonas are abundant in the gut microbiome of patients with thyroid cancer, and these genera are also enriched in patients with thyroid nodules compared to healthy controls [ 20 ]. Saliva microbiome analysis showed that genus Acinetobacter was more enriched in patients with thyroid cancer than healthy controls [ 21 ].…”