Salivary and plasma levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and myeloperoxidase at rest and after acute physical exercise in patients with coronary artery disease

Abstract

BackgroundLow-grade systemic inflammation is a predictor of recurrent cardiac events in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Plasma proteins such as matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 and myeloperoxidase (MPO) have been shown to reflect basal as well as stress-induced inflammation in CAD. Measurements of MMP-9 and MPO in saliva might pose several advantages. Therefore, we investigated whether salivary levels of MMP-9 and MPO corresponded to plasma levels in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), both at rest and after acute physical exercise.MethodsA bicycle ergometer test was used as a model for stress-induced inflammation. Twenty-three CAD patients performed the test on two occasions 3–6 months apart. Whole unstimulated saliva was collected before, directly after and 30 min after exercise while plasma was collected before and after 30 min. MMP-9 and MPO in saliva and plasma were determined by Luminex.ResultsMMP-9 and MPO levels were 2- to 4-fold higher in saliva than in plasma. Amongst the saliva samples, and also to a great extent amongst the plasma samples, the levels of both types of protein showed strong intercorrelations between the levels at rest and after exercise during the two visits. However, there were no (or weak) correlations between salivary and plasma MMP-9 and none between salivary and plasma MPO.ConclusionWe conclude that salivary diagnostics cannot be used to assess systemic levels of MMP-9 and MPO in CAD patients, neither at rest nor after acute physical exercise.

Salivary Alterations of Myeloperoxidase in Patients with Systemic Diseases: A Systematic Review

“…Moreover, Mahmood et al [29] observed a significant increase in salivary MPO levels after exercise in patients with coronary artery disease. However, the protein-adjusted levels did not differ significantly from those at rest.…”

Salivary concentrations of secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor and matrix metallopeptidase-9 following a single bout of exercise are associated with intensity and hydration status

“…Previous studies analyzing either plasma or skeletal muscle have shown that the response of MMP-9 to resistance exercise is dependent upon the duration of the training [62] and it was found that a single bout of exercise increases levels of activated MMP-9 in skeletal muscle and in the circulation [54]. Mahmood et al compared MMP-9 levels in saliva and plasma after acute physical exercise and reported 2-to 4-fold higher levels of MMP-9 in saliva compared to plasma 30 minutes after exercise [41]. Our data however shows the opposite with a 2-to 3-fold higher levels in plasma 1-2 hours after exercise respectively.…”

“…The main effects of MMP-9 are the release of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and cytokines, and cleavage of chemokines which can influence chemotaxis and inflammatory reactions [39,40]. Mahmood et al analyzed MMP-9 in saliva and plasma at rest and after acute physical exercise in patients with coronary artery disease and found higher levels in saliva compared to plasma but no differences between rest and after exercise [41]. However, a systematic review on MMPs in exercise showed early release of MMP-9 as a result of acute exercise [37].…”

The Role of Matrix Metalloproteinase in Infectious Diseases

“…In addition, oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-alpha and ILs activate MMPs and are involved in vascular remodeling [49][50][51]. Several studies shown elevated plasma levels of MMP1, MMP-7, MMP-8, MMP-9, and MMP-10 in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), whereas MMP-2 and MMP-3 levels were decreased [52][53][54]. In addition, the expression and activity of MMP-1, MMP-8, and MMP-13 were increased in human atherosclerotic plaques, resulting in plaque instability by collagen degradation [55][56][57][58][59].…”