Salivary and Serum Antibody Response Against <i>Neisseria meningitidis</i> After Vaccination With Conjugate Polysaccharide Vaccines in Ethiopian Volunteers

Bårnes, Guro K.; Workalemahu, Bereket; Kristiansen, Paul A.; Beyene, Demissew; Merdekios, Behailu; Fissiha, Paulos; Aseffa, Abraham; Caugant, Dominique A.; Næss, Lisbeth Meyer

doi:10.1111/sji.12451

Cited by 14 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Salivary antibodies can be of systemic origin and thereby reflect levels observed in serum, or can be produced locally in mucosal tissues resulting in a lesser correlation with antibodies in serum. Our findings are in line with recent studies reporting significant correlations between IgA levels in saliva and serum [ 19 , 25 ]. However, we found lower correlation compared to those studies.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Previous studies showed that parental MenCC vaccines are able to induce salivary antibodies [ 19 , 23 , 24 ]. Information about salivary responses against MenW and MenY after quadrivalent vaccination is limited [ 25 ]. The current study showed that the MenACWY-TT vaccine in adolescents elicited salivary IgA and IgG responses against MenA, MenW and MenY.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Induction of salivary antibody levels in Dutch adolescents after immunization with monovalent meningococcal serogroup C or quadrivalent meningococcal serogroup A, C, W and Y conjugate vaccine

et al. 2018

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BackgroundMeningococcal infection starts with colonisation of the upper respiratory tract. Mucosal immunity is important for protection against acquisition and subsequent meningococcal carriage. In this study, we assessed salivary antibody levels against meningococcal serogroup A (MenA), W (MenW) and Y (MenY) after vaccination with a quadrivalent MenACWY conjugated vaccine. We also compared salivary meningococcal serogroup C (MenC) antibody levels after monovalent MenC and quadrivalent MenACWY conjugated vaccination.MethodsHealthy participants, who had received MenC conjugate vaccine between 14 months and 3 years of age, received a (booster) MenC or MenACWY vaccination at age 10–15 years. MenA-, MenC-, MenW- and MenY-polysaccharide (PS) specific IgG and IgA levels in saliva and serum and PS specific secretory component levels in saliva were measured using the fluorescent-bead-based multiplex immunoassay.ResultsMenACYW vaccination increased salivary PS-specific IgA (2-fold) and IgG levels(>10-fold) for MenA, MenY, and MenW. After one year, salivary IgA levels had returned to baseline levels. Both vaccines induced an increase in salivary MenC-PS specific IgA (>3-fold) and IgG (>100-fold), with higher levels after MenC as compared to MenACWY vaccination. The antibody decay rate of MenC in saliva between one month and one year was similar for both vaccines. The overall correlation between serum and saliva IgA levels was low (R = 0.39, R = 0.58, R = 0.31, and R = 0.36 for MenA, MenC, MenW and MenY, respectively). Serogroup-PS specific IgG levels between serum and saliva correlated better (R ranged from 0.51 to 0.88).ConclusionsBoth primary (MenA, MenY, and MenW) and booster (MenC) parenteral meningococcal conjugate vaccination induced high salivary antibody levels. The strong correlation for MenC, MenW and MenY between saliva and serum IgG levels indicates that saliva might be used as a reliable tool to measure vaccine responses after both primary and booster meningococcal vaccination.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Induction of salivary antibody levels in Dutch adolescents after immunization with monovalent meningococcal serogroup C or quadrivalent meningococcal serogroup A, C, W and Y conjugate vaccine

et al. 2018

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“…Salivary and serum correlated positively, leading to the assumption that salivary IgG derived from serum, while secretory IgA was locally produced by leucocytes, present in the gingival crevicular fluid. The same group and others [159,160] showed the same reliability of N. meningitidis serotype-specific immunoglobulin analysis from saliva, making again this sample matrix a valuable alternative in large epidemiological studies.…”

Section: Immunologymentioning

confidence: 66%

Saliva: A Reliable Sample Matrix in Bioanalytics

Gröschl¹

2017

Bioanalysis

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Saliva is gaining increasing attention as a bioanalytical sample matrix. Mostly because of the easy and noninvasive collection, it is not only beneficial in endocrinological and behavioral science, but also in pediatrics. Saliva also has the advantage of being the only body fluid which can be collected even during physical exercise, for example, during sportive activities, and there are physiological characteristics that make it superior to serum/plasma or urine for specific scientific questions. This review provides an insight into the physiology of saliva formation, explaining how certain compounds enter this bodily fluid, and gives advice for collection, storage and analytical methods. Finally, it presents a number of reliable and proven applications for saliva analysis from scientific fields including endocrinology, sports medicine, forensics and immunology.

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“…Due to the absence of complement in saliva, salivary antibodies are not able to kill the meningococcus, but may have an important role in prevention of attachment of meningococci to epithelial cells [22–24]. Previous studies indicated that saliva IgG upon meningococcal conjugate vaccination against serogroup A, C, W and Y, rather than IgA, may be used for vaccine response monitoring because salivary IgG appears mostly serum-derived [12–14, 25] and thus reflects serum IgG levels upon vaccination that correlate with serum rSBA titers. Previously, we showed a strong correlation between IgG in serum and IgG in saliva for MenC, MenW and MenY, and a lower correlation for MenA [26].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Saliva testing has previously been proposed as a potential method to monitor vaccine antibody and capsular polysaccharide antibody levels upon vaccination with conjugate vaccines, although the relationship between meningococcal salivary anticapsular antibodies and prevention of meningococcal carriage acquisition or protection against IMD is not defined [12–14]. Therefore, the relation of salivary antibodies with serum SBA titers needs to be evaluated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of saliva to monitor meningococcal vaccine responses: proposing a threshold in saliva as surrogate of protection

Ravenhorst

Klis

Rooijen

et al. 2019

BMC Med Res Methodol

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BackgroundMucosal antibodies against capsular polysaccharides offer protection against acquisition and carriage of encapsulated bacteria like Neisseria meningitidis serogroup C. Measurements of salivary antibodies as replacement for blood testing has important (cost-effective) advantages, particular in studies that assess the impact of large-scale vaccination or in populations in which blood sampling is difficult. This study aimed to estimate a threshold for meningococcal IgG salivary antibody levels to discriminate between unprotected and protected vaccinated individuals.MethodsMenA-, MenC-, MenW- and MenY-polysaccharide (PS) specific IgG levels in serum and saliva from participants in a meningococcal vaccination study were measured using the fluorescent-bead-based multiplex immunoassay. Functional antibody titers in serum against the four serogroups were measured with serum bactericidal assay using rabbit complement (rSBA). A threshold for salivary IgG was determined by analysis of ROC curves using a serum rSBA titer ≥128 as correlate of protection. The area under the curve (AUC) was calculated to quantify the accuracy of the salivary test and was considered adequate when ≥0.80. The optimal cut-off was considered adequate when salivary IgG cut-off levels provided specificity of ≥90%. True positive rate (sensitivity), positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were calculated to explore the possible use of salivary antibody levels as a surrogate of protection.ResultsThe best ROC curve (AUC of 0.95) was obtained for MenC, with an estimated minimum threshold of MenC-PS specific salivary IgG ≥3.54 ng/mL as surrogate of protection. An adequate AUC (> 0.80) was also observed for MenW and MenY with an estimated minimal threshold of 2.00 and 1.82 ng/mL, respectively. When applying these thresholds, all (100%) samples collected 1 month and 1 year after the (booster) meningococcal vaccination, that were defined as protective in the saliva test for MenC, MenW and MenY, corresponded with concomitant serum rSBA titer ≥128 for the respective meningococcal serogroups.ConclusionThe saliva test offers an alternative screening tool to monitor protective vaccine responses up to one year after meningococcal vaccination against MenC, MenW and MenY. Future (large) longitudinal vaccination studies evaluating also clinical protection against IMD or carriage acquisition are required to validate the currently proposed threshold in saliva.

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Salivary and Serum Antibody Response Against Neisseria meningitidis After Vaccination With Conjugate Polysaccharide Vaccines in Ethiopian Volunteers

Cited by 14 publications

References 40 publications

Induction of salivary antibody levels in Dutch adolescents after immunization with monovalent meningococcal serogroup C or quadrivalent meningococcal serogroup A, C, W and Y conjugate vaccine

Induction of salivary antibody levels in Dutch adolescents after immunization with monovalent meningococcal serogroup C or quadrivalent meningococcal serogroup A, C, W and Y conjugate vaccine

Saliva: A Reliable Sample Matrix in Bioanalytics

Use of saliva to monitor meningococcal vaccine responses: proposing a threshold in saliva as surrogate of protection

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