Salivary antibodies induced by the seven-valent PncOMPC conjugate vaccine in the Finnish Otitis Media Vaccine Trial

Nurkka, Anu; Lahdenkari, Mika; Palmu, Arto A.; Käyhty, Helena

doi:10.1186/1471-2334-5-41

Cited by 11 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Obviously, an increase in antibody concentrations in nonvaccinated children is a consequence of natural contacts with pneumococci, the first contact occurring through mucosal surfaces. IgA is the prevalent isotype on mucosal surface; therefore, salivary anti-pneumococcal IgA in children was detected more often than IgM and IgG; it is in full agreement with other reports (8,21,22). Furthermore, only one child from the group of pneumococcal carriers (n = 105, excluding two cases having no IgA) did not possess anti-pneumococcal IgA.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…The correlation between total and specific antibodies in most cases was moderate or even lower. Similar correlations between total IgA and anti-pneumococcal salivary antibodies for 7-16-month-old children had been found earlier by Nurkka et al (21). A low correlation implies the other factors, including different individual mucosal response to the antigens of different origin.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

“…However, the amount of IgG CWPS was four-fold higher in the group of pneumococcus-free children than in carriers. The results obtained by Nurkka et al showed that even after three to four years following the series of four doses of a pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, the detection rate of salivary anti-pneumococcal IgG polysaccharide remained approximately at the same level as one month after the booster (21). Evidently, an increase in antibody concentrations in these unvaccinated and pneumococcus-free children is a consequence of natural permanent contacts with the bacteria in day care centres.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

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<i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> carriage and salivary antibodies induced by pneumococcus in Vilnius preschool children

Mauricas¹,

Petraitienė²,

Kvietkauskaite³

et al. 2009

Acta medica Lituanica

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Background. Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) is a potential respiratory pathogen causing high-risk diseases, particularly in young children. Otherwise, carriage of pneumococcus may be asymptomatic depending on the serotype and the immune system of the individual. The aim of this study was to determine nasopharyngeal carriage rates, serotype distribution and to evaluate the mucosal immune response to S. pneumoniae infection in healthy 2-7-year-old children attending day care centres in Vilnius, Lithuania.Materials and methods. Nasopharyngeal (n = 601) and saliva samples were collected randomly. A pneumotest kit (Statens Serum Institute, Denmark) was used for serogrouping / serotyping; the sandwich ELISA with a double monoclonal system was used for immunoglobulin concentration measurement.Results. Carriage rate in the children's population was 43%; from 33 serotypes found, the following six prevailed: 19F, 23F, 6B, 6A, 3 and 18C, which accounted for 58% of isolates. The carriage rates in children over four were found to be decreased. The concentrations of total and specific salivary antibodies of three isotypes (IgA, IgM and IgG) in carriers of six pneumococcal serotypes (3, 6B, 14, 18C, 19F and 23F) were measured.Conclusions. The carriage rates and prevalent serotypes of S. pneumoniae in healthy preschool Lithuanian children were similar as in the neighbouring states. The response of total and specific salivary antibodies was found to be serotypespecific. The pneumococcal carriage stimulated the production of not only specific antibodies, but also of total immunoglobulins of S-IgA, IgM and IgG isotypes.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

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<i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> carriage and salivary antibodies induced by pneumococcus in Vilnius preschool children

Mauricas¹,

Petraitienė²,

Kvietkauskaite³

et al. 2009

Acta medica Lituanica

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“…This renders the polysaccharide vaccine virtually useless against pneumococcal OM and invasive disease in children of this age when they are most prone to OM. 23PPV has been used as a booster after primary immunization with a PCV in order to reduce immunization costs (23PPV being less expensive than pneumococcal conjugated vaccine) and to induce higher serum [52,93] and salivary antipneumococcal antibodies, in higher concentrations [94] than a conjugate booster.…”

Section: A U T H O R P R O O F Immune Response To Pneumococcal Vaccinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prospects for a vaccine against otitis media

Cripps

Otczyk

2006

Expert Review of Vaccines

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Otitis media is a major cause of morbidity in 80% of all children less than 3 years of age and often goes undiagnosed in the general population. There is evidence to suggest that the incidence of otitis media is increasing. The major cause of otitis media is infection of the middle ear with microbes from the nasopharynx. The anatomical orientation of the eustachian tube, in association with a number of risk factors, predisposes infants and young children to the infection. Bacteria are responsible for approximately 70% of cases of acute otitis media, with Streptococcus pneumoniae, nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis predominating as the causative agents. The respiratory viruses, respiratory syncytial virus, rhinovirus, parainfluenza and influenza, account for 30% of acute otitis media cases. Over the past decade, there has been a profound increase in the reported resistance to antibiotics, which, with increased disease burden, has focussed attention on vaccine development for otitis media. A polymicrobial formulation containing antigens from all major pathogens would have the greatest potential to deliver a sustained reduction in the disease burden globally. The disappointing outcomes for otitis media seen with the polysaccharide pneumococcal conjugate vaccine have raised major challenges for the vaccination strategy. Clearly, more knowledge is required concerning immune mechanisms in the middle ear, as well as vaccine formulations containing antigens that are more representative of the polymicrobial nature of the disease. Antigens that have been extensively tested in animal models are now available for testing in human subjects.

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“…The typical type 2 TI antigens, like bacterial polysaccharides (PS), can evoke both IgA1 and IgA2 responses in external secretions [5,6]. However, systemic immunization with pneumococcal (pnc) capsular PS either in unconjugated or conjugated form induces predominantly IgA1 responses in saliva of children [9][10][11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subclass distribution of natural salivary IgA antibodies against pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide of type 14 and pneumococcal surface adhesin A (PsaA) in children

Simell

Kilpi

Käyhty

2006

Clinical and Experimental Immunology

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SummaryA number of studies have shown that the ratio of IgA1 and IgA2 subclasses in secretions can depend upon the nature of the antigen inducing their production. In order to evaluate the effect of the nature of the antigen on the subclass distribution of the naturally occurring salivary IgA antibodies against Streptococcus pneumoniae , we used enzyme immunoassay to measure the levels of natural IgA, IgA1 and IgA2 antibodies to pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide type 14 (PS14) and pneumococcal surface adhesin A (PsaA) in saliva of children during their first 2 years of life. The sum of anti-PS14 and anti-PsaA IgA1 and IgA2 correlated significantly with the antigen-specific total IgA, which showed that IgA1 and IgA2 add up to IgA. IgA1 was the predominant subclass for both antigens. The median of anti-PS14 and anti-PsaA IgA1 was higher than that of IgA2, and the antigen-specific IgA1 was found in a larger proportion of samples than IgA2. The ratio of IgA1 to IgA2 (IgA1/IgA2 ratio) was lower for anti-PS14 than for anti-PsaA, suggesting that the PS antigen induced more IgA2 than the protein antigen. The possible impact of the IgA subclass distribution on protection of mucosal surfaces by natural or vaccineinduced antibodies needs to be determined .

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Salivary antibodies induced by the seven-valent PncOMPC conjugate vaccine in the Finnish Otitis Media Vaccine Trial

Abstract: Background: Mucosal antibodies have been suggested to have a role in defence against pneumococcal infections. We investigated here the ability of a seven-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, PncOMPC, to induce mucosal immune response.

Cited by 11 publications

References 40 publications

<i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> carriage and salivary antibodies induced by pneumococcus in Vilnius preschool children

<i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> carriage and salivary antibodies induced by pneumococcus in Vilnius preschool children

Prospects for a vaccine against otitis media

Subclass distribution of natural salivary IgA antibodies against pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide of type 14 and pneumococcal surface adhesin A (PsaA) in children

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