Salivary characteristics and dental caries

Cunha‐Cruz, Joana; Scott, Joanna; Rothen, Marilynn; Mancl, Lloyd; Lawhorn, Timothy; Brossel, Kenneth; Berg, Joel

doi:10.14219/jada.archive.2013.0159

Cited by 99 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Even with non-standardized protocols, however, In the present study, the mean unstimulated salivary pH for adolescents ages 11 to 15 years was 7.14±0.42, which is similar to the mean pH for Turkish children with CF, ages 11 to 15 years (7.55±0.61) [Peker et al, 2015]. Another observation in the present study is that salivary pH became increasingly acidic with older age, which is consistent with previous findings for non-CF populations [Cunha-Cruz et al, 2013; Pandey et al, 2015]. The reason for potential age-related changes in salivary pH for individuals with CF is unknown.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…That unstimulated salivary flow rate was not associated with caries prevalence is consistent with practice-based findings for U.S. children ages 9 to 17 years [Cunha-Cruz et al, 2013] and with findings in healthy children ages 7 to 15 years in India [Pandey et al, 2015]. In the present study, the mean±SD unstimulated salivary flow rate for children ages 6 to 12 years was 0.30±0.25 ml/minute, which is less than the mean unstimulated salivary flow rate of 0.53±0.30 ml/minute found in Turkish children with CF, ages 3 to 12 years [Peker et al, 2015].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

“…This is consistent with findings from one pediatric study [Singh et al, 2015], but inconsistent with two other studies focusing on children [Cunha-Cruz et al, 2013; Pandey et al, 2015]. One reason for the discrepancy regarding salivary pH and caries prevalence is that studies typically measure pH once, which does capture the dynamic relationship between pH and demineralization.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

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Unstimulated Saliva-Related Caries Risk Factors in Individuals with Cystic Fibrosis: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Unstimulated Salivary Flow, pH, and Buffering Capacity

Alkhateeb¹,

Mancl²,

Presland³

et al. 2016

Caries Res

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Salivary flow rate, pH, and buffering capacity are associated with dental caries, but studies from the cystic fibrosis (CF) literature are inconclusive regarding these salivary factors and caries. The aim of this study was to evaluate these factors and their associations with dental caries in individuals with CF. Unstimulated whole saliva was collected from individuals aged 6-20 years at Seattle Children's Hospital CF Clinic, USA (n = 83). Salivary flow rate was measured in milliliters per minute. Salivary pH was assessed using a laboratory pH meter. Buffering capacity was assessed by titration with HCl. The outcome measure was caries prevalence, defined as the number of decayed, missing, or filled primary and permanent tooth surfaces. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient and the t test were used to test for bivariate associations. Multiple variable linear regression models were used to (1) run confounder-adjusted analyses and (2) assess for potential interactions. There was no significant association between salivary flow rate or buffering capacity and caries prevalence. There was a significant negative association between salivary pH and caries prevalence, but this association was no longer significant after adjusting for age. There was no significant interaction between salivary flow rate and buffering capacity or between antibiotic use and the 3 salivary factors. Our results indicate that unstimulated salivary factors are not associated with dental caries prevalence in individuals with CF. Future studies should investigate other potential saliva-related caries risk factors in individuals with CF such as cariogenic bacteria levels, salivary host defense peptide levels, and medication use.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

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Unstimulated Saliva-Related Caries Risk Factors in Individuals with Cystic Fibrosis: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Unstimulated Salivary Flow, pH, and Buffering Capacity

Alkhateeb¹,

Mancl²,

Presland³

et al. 2016

Caries Res

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“…The salivary tests assessed resting salivary consistency, flow from labial salivary glands and pH, as well as stimulated salivary flow rate, pH, and buffering capacity. The testing materials and procedures, including the pH strips (Advantec MFS, Inc., Tokyo, Japan) and the colorimetric paper strip test (Saliva Check Buffer test, GC Co., Tokyo, Japan) for measuring buffering capacity, are described elsewhere and were considered to have acceptable inter-rater reliability [29, 30]. The participating dentist, blind to the results of salivary tests and the patient questionnaire, performed a dental examination and recorded the decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) index for all permanent teeth.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Northwest Practice-based REsearch Collaborative in Evidence-based DENTistry (PRECEDENT), one of the three dental practice-based research networks (PBRNs) funded and established by the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research in 2005, conducted a study investigating salivary characteristics in relation to the assessment of the risk of caries, and the primary results pertaining to caries were recently published [29]. As reviewed above, many of the putative risk factors for tooth wear are also considered risk factors for caries, including diet and salivary factors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tooth wear and the role of salivary measures in general practice patients

et al. 2014

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Objectives The goal of this study was to investigate the association between tooth wear and salivary measures in a random sample of patients from practices of dentist members of a practice-based research network. Materials and methods Patients completed a questionnaire on oral self-care, health, dietary habits, medications, and socio-demographic variables. Six salivary characteristics (consistency, resting salivary flow, resting salivary pH, stimulated salivary flow, stimulated salivary pH, and buffering capacity) were measured, and a dental examination included categorizing patients according to the dentist’s judgment of the degree of tooth wear (i.e., none/minimal, some, or severe/extreme). Bivariate and multinomial logistic regression models were used to relate salivary characteristics and other factors to the outcome of tooth wear. Results Data are reported from 1,323 patients (age range 16–97 years) from 61 practices. Patient age, gender, number of teeth, and perception of dry mouth were associated with tooth wear, but salivary and dietary factors were either weakly or not related. Conclusions The findings of this cross-sectional assessment suggest that using these salivary tests and dietary assessments in real-life clinical settings is unlikely to be useful in assessing tooth wear risk. Suggestions are offered about risk assessment for tooth wear. Clinical relevance Assessing a dental patient’s risk of tooth wear using salivary measures and dietary assessments as described is not recommended for general dental practice until stronger evidence exists indicating its utility.

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