Salivary Cortisol: A Biomarker for Stress Indicator in Children

Abstract

Aim and objective: To assess the child's anxiety level for various dental procedures using a standard questionnaire and by measuring the salivary cortisol level. Study design: Cross-sectional study. Materials and methods: A sample of 24 healthy children (8-10 years) visiting the Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, DAPM RV Dental College, Bengaluru were selected. They were divided into three groups: group I-eight children having their first dental visit, group II-eight children requiring oral prophylaxis after their first visit, group III-eight children requiring extraction of 1 or 2 teeth after their first visit. Levels of dental anxiety were assessed in children using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children State (STAIC-S) before and after the treatment. Salivary cortisol was assessed in children before and after the treatment using the ELISA test. Statistical analysis used: Student paired t-test was used to compare the mean anxiety score and cortisol levels between pre-and post-time intervals for different procedures within the child group. Results: In children, the mean anxiety score was reduced after the treatment. There was a proportionate decrease in the mean anxiety level among children irrespective of the procedure. Also, there was a reduction in the cortisol level from pre-to post-procedure among children. Conclusion:Assessment of cortisol level in children could be a significant factor that can be used as one of the physiological parameters for various dental procedures.