Salivary cytokine expression after non‐surgical periodontal therapy in smokers: 12‐month follow‐up

Abstract

Background Diverse smoking trajectories may influence cytokine expression after non‐surgical periodontal therapy and supportive periodontal care. Thus, we aimed to describe cytokine profiles in periodontal healing after periodontal therapy in smokers. Methods A smoking cessation program and non‐surgical periodontal therapy were offered to 80 smokers with periodontitis. Smoking trajectories (quitters/light, moderate, heavy) were observed. The association of salivary interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐2, IL‐4, IL‐6, IL‐8, IL‐10, IL‐12p70, IL‐13, interferon‐gamma (IFN‐γ), and tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) with smoking trajectories and periodontal outcomes was determined using mixed‐effects linear regression. Results Among quitters/light smokers, IL‐1β was associated with an increase in mean periodontal pocket depth (PPD) and mean clinical attachment level (CAL). IL‐6 was associated with a decrease in mean PPD and CAL in heavy smokers, whereas IL‐8 was associated with a decrease in PPD among moderate smokers. TNFα was associated with a reduction in mean PPD and CAL among quitters/light smokers, while among moderate smokers, TNFα was associated with an increase in mean PPD and CAL. IL‐12 and IL‐13 were associated with a decrease in mean PPD in moderate smokers. Conclusion Our findings suggest that distinctive smoking exposures induce differential cytokine expression, which, in turn, seems to influence periodontal repair.

Serum biomarker levels in smokers and non-smokers following periodontal therapy. A prospective cohort study

“…We hypothesize that at baseline (T0) higher levels of serum cytokines are observed in smokers with periodontitis compared with non-smokers with periodontitis and with decreasing intergroup differences along therapy (at T1 and T2). As levels of IL-8 and IL-6 appears to be impacted by heavy smoking following periodontal therapy [ 3 , 22 ] the aims of this prospective cohort study were to determine the influence of smoking on the presence and level of serum inflammatory markers and clinical measures in smokers with stage III and IV periodontitis, and to compare levels of serum cytokines in smokers and non-smokers following step I-III and 12-month step IV periodontal therapy, with particular emphasis on IL-6 and IL-8.…”

Analysis of the role of serum IL-2R, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and TNF-α in the treatment of immune escape mechanisms in patients with minimal ma tumors

“…Published by Francis Academic Press, UK -29-achieve a more personalized treatment plan in the future, bringing new hope for cancer patients [1][2].…”