“…In contrast, saliva collection is minimally-invasive, low-cost and generally more socially acceptable (Djuric et al, 2008; Marques, Silverman, & Sternberg, 2010). Research focused on salivary immune markers in healthy young children is limited; however, there is a growing body of literature, especially examining interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) (El-Sheikh, Buckhalt, Granger, Erath, & Acebo, 2007; Keller, El-Sheikh, Vaughn, & Granger, 2010; Riis, Granger, DiPietro, Bandeen-Roche, & Johnson, 2015). These salivary inflammatory biomarkers open up new opportunities to gain a better understanding of NEI functioning in children and the role caregivers play in moderating stress-related damage within the NEI network.…”