Salivary Flow Rates of Nigerian Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: A Case-control Study

Abstract

Aims and objectives:The study determined the relationship between chronic kidney disease (CKD) and changes in salivary flow and the complications of reduced salivary flow among African subjects with CKD compared with the controls. Materials and methods:One hundred and eighty patients, 90 CKD and 90 controls were recruited, interviewed and examined. Stimulated and unstimulated saliva collection was done with standardized spitting method. Urinalysis and blood creatinine levels were determined and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of each patient was calculated from the blood creatinine using Cockcroft and Gault formula. Statistical analysis was done using STATA 11 software. Results:The mean stimulated and unstimulated whole salivary flow rate among CKD subjects were 4.07 ± 1.91 and 2.34 ± 0.99 ml/5 min respectively and is significantly lower than that of the controls which were 8.05 ± 3.95 ml/5 min and 3.82 ± 2.27 ml/5 min for stimulated and unstimulated flow rates. Oral signs of reduced salivary flow were found in 80% of CKD patients. The commonest oral finding was taste abnormalities others are burning sensation, halitosis and difficulty in mastication. Conclusion:Patients with CKD had reduced stimulated and unstimulated salivary flow rate. Reduced salivary flow was associated with oral lesions in majority (80%) of CKD patients, the commonest finding being taste abnormalities.

Association among kidney function, frailty, and oral function in patients with chronic kidney disease: a cross-sectional study

“…Decreased saliva volume has been associated with a decline in swallowing function, and periodontal disease can lead to weakened masticatory ability [ 38 – 40 ]. Many patients with CKD present symptoms of periodontal disease [ 41 – 43 ] and hyposalivation [ 44 ]; therefore, we investigated whether CKD severity was associated with oral hypofunction. However, no significant association was identified between CKD severity and oral function by univariate analysis.…”

“…This study was approved by the Ethics Committees of Tokyo Medical and Dental University and Omihachiman Community Medical Center, and it was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. All of the participants provided written informed consent (approval number M2018-021, [30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46].…”

Is there association between chronic kidney disease and dental caries? A case-controlled study

“…Oral complications have been observed in CKD patients, such as changes in salivary composition (3) including elevated levels of urea (4), potassium and phosphate and reduced levels of calcium (5,6), reduced salivary flow (7,8), salivary pH, which tends to be more alkaline (4,9), increased salivary buffering capacity (9-11), and increased dental calculus formation (4,5).…”

Condição periodontal e hipertensão arterial em pacientes obesos mórbidos antes e após a cirurgia bariátrica: estudo de coorte prospectivo

“…Ante estímulos sensitivos, eléctricos ou mecânicos, o volume pode chegar até 3 ml/m e provém das glândulas parótidas que contribuem com mais do 50% do total da secreção. O maior volume salival se produz antes, durante e depois das comidas, alcança seu pico máximo ao redor do meio dia e diminue durante a noite e durante o sono (OYETOLA et al, 2015;SMITH et al, 2013).…”