Salivary glands and their digestive enzymes in pod-sucking bugs (Hemiptera: Coreoidea) associated with cowpea Vigna unguiculata ssp. unguiculata in Nigeria

Soyelu, O.L.; Akingbohungbe, A. E.; Okonji, Raphael Emuebie

doi:10.1017/s1742758407744466

Cited by 10 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 11 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…We also compared our findings to transcriptome studies aimed at identifying salivary gland genes from other sap-sucking insects within the order Hempitera, such as the potato leafhopper Empoasca fabae [ 39 ], the whitefly Bemisia tabaci [ 40 ], and the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens [ 41 ]. Genes with functions predicted to be involved in plant-hemipteran interactions, that may have similar roles to those identified in this study, include peroxidases [ 42 ], sucrase [ 43 ], peptidase, lipase [ 39 , 44 ], phosphatase [ 45 ], glucose dehydrogenase [ 45 ] and a number of hypothetical pea aphid proteins. Previously it has been shown that some predicted secretory salivary proteins from the whitefly show similarity to putative pea aphid effectors [ 40 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Comparative transcriptomics and proteomics of three different aphid species identifies core and diverse effector sets

2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundAphids are phloem-feeding insects that cause significant economic losses to agriculture worldwide. While feeding and probing these insects deliver molecules, called effectors, inside their host to enable infestation. The identification and characterization of these effectors from different species that vary in their host range is an important step in understanding the infestation success of aphids and aphid host range variation. This study employs a multi-disciplinary approach based on transcriptome sequencing and proteomics to identify and compare effector candidates from the broad host range aphid Myzus persicae (green peach aphid) (genotypes O, J and F), and narrow host range aphids Myzus cerasi (black cherry aphid) and Rhopalosiphum padi (bird-cherry oat aphid).ResultsUsing a combination of aphid transcriptome sequencing on libraries derived from head versus body tissues as well as saliva proteomics we were able to predict candidate effectors repertoires from the different aphid species and genotypes. Among the identified conserved or core effector sets, we identified a significant number of previously identified aphid candidate effectors indicating these proteins may be involved in general infestation strategies. Moreover, we identified aphid candidate effector sequences that were specific to one species, which are interesting candidates for further validation and characterization with regards to species-specific functions during infestation. We assessed our candidate effector repertoires for evidence of positive selection, and identified 49 candidates with DN/DS ratios >1. We noted higher rates of DN/DS ratios in predicted aphid effectors than non-effectors. Whether this reflects positive selection due to co-evolution with host plants, or increased neofunctionalization upon gene duplication remains to be investigated.ConclusionOur work provides a comprehensive overview of the candidate effector repertoires from three different aphid species with varying host ranges. Comparative analyses revealed candidate effectors that are most likely are involved in general aspects of infestation, whereas others, that are highly divergent, may be involved in specific processes important for certain aphid species. Insights into the overlap and differences in aphid effector repertoires are important in understanding how different species successfully infest different ranges of plant species.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-016-2496-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Comparative transcriptomics and proteomics of three different aphid species identifies core and diverse effector sets

2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Glucosidases have been isolated from the salivarygland homogenates of S. avenae and R. padi and from gut extract and watery saliva of M. profana (Miles, 1999;Hori, 2000). Amyloglucosidase in the saliva of A. curvipes, C. tomentosicollis, C. shadabi, R. dentipes and M. jaculus hydrolyse greater quantities of starch as shown in V. unguiculata compared with other salivary amylases in providing energy to these Coreidae (Soyelu et al, 2007). 1,3glucosidases break pectin contents of plant tissue and may also act on the callose on sieve plates (Miles, 1999).…”

Section: Hydrolasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Proteases are important for initiating gall induction in M. elengi by A. ramakrishnae. In pod-sucking Coreidae, protease occur abundantly in saliva and are responsible for characteristic symptoms such as shrivelling of young pods, partially filled older pods and dimpled seeds in mature pods (Soyelu et al, 2007). CLIP-domain serine protease (clip-SP, paper-clip-like domain) occurs in the saliva of A. pisum, where it inhibits phenol oxidase-based innate defences of V. faba (Carolan et al, 2011).…”

Section: Hydrolasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salivary proteins of plant-feeding hemipteroids – implication in phytophagy

Sharma

Khan

Subrahmanyam

et al. 2013

Bull. Entomol. Res.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Many hemipteroids are major pests and vectors of microbial pathogens, infecting crops. Saliva of the hemipteroids is critical in enabling them to be voracious feeders on plants, including the economically important ones. A plethora of hemipteroid salivary enzymes is known to inflict stress in plants, either by degrading the plant tissue or by affecting their normal metabolism. Hemipteroids utilize one of the following three strategies of feeding behaviour: salivary sheath feeding, osmotic-pump feeding and cell-rupture feeding. The last strategy also includes several different tactics such as lacerate-and-flush, lacerate-and-sip and macerate-and-flush. Understanding hemipteroid feeding mechanisms is critical, since feeding behaviour directs salivary composition. Saliva of the Heteroptera that are specialized as fruit and seed feeders, includes cell-degrading enzymes, auchenorrhynchan salivary composition also predominantly consists of cell-degrading enzymes such as amylase and protease, whereas that of the Sternorhyncha includes a variety of allelochemical-detoxifying enzymes. Little is known about the salivary composition of the Thysanoptera. Cell-degrading proteins such as amylase, pectinase, cellulase and pectinesterase enable stylet entry into the plant tissue. In contrast, enzymes such as glutathione peroxidase, laccase and trehalase detoxify plant chemicals, enabling the circumvention of plant-defence mechanisms. Salivary enzymes such as M1-zinc metalloprotease and CLIP-domain serine protease as in Acyrthosiphon pisum (Aphididae), and non-enzymatic proteins such as apolipophorin, ficolin-3-like protein and 'lava-lamp' protein as in Diuraphis noxia (Aphididae) have the capacity to alter host-plant-defence mechanisms. A majority of the hemipteroids feed on phloem, hence Ca++-binding proteins such as C002 protein, calreticulin-like isoform 1 and calmodulin (critical for preventing sieve-plate occlusion) are increasingly being recognized in hemipteroid-plant interactions. Determination of a staggering variety of proteins shows the complexity of hemipteroid saliva: effector proteins localized in hemipteran saliva suggest a similarity to the physiology of pathogen-plant interactions.

show abstract

“…The cellular and tissue damage caused by the injected salivary enzymes usually lead to shriveling of developing pods and seed malformation in mature pods (Soyelu and Akingbohungbe, 2006). Soyelu et al (2007) also reported that proteases played a major role in tissue damage associated with pod penetration, extra-oral digestion and ingestion of food slurry. It was, therefore, concluded that feeding damage caused by PSBs on cowpea pods could be reduced significantly by using suitable protease inhibitors (PIs).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protease inhibition in cowpea pod-sucking bug species (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) using cereal and legume grain extracts

Taiwo¹,

Soyelu²,

Okonji³

2016

Afr. J. Biochem. Res.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Selected grain extracts were assayed against digestive proteases of Anoplocnemis curvipes, Clavigralla tomentosicollis and Mirperus jaculus with a view to identifying suitable sources of protease inhibitors against the cowpea pests. Laboratory bioassays showed that grains of a local soybean variety Kìshí and a cowpea landrace NG/SA/07/0098 contain potent inhibitors although the former produced a consistently higher level of inhibition in each of the three pests. Protease activity was highest in C. tomentosicollis (1.06 μmol/mg) followed by M. jaculus (0.94 μmol/mg) and A. curvipes (0.69 μmol/mg) but inhibition was highest in M. jaculus. The optimum temperature range for the inhibitors was 40-90°C while optimum inhibitory activity occurred in weak acidic to neutral media, pH 4-7. There was total protease inhibition in the pests when soybean and cowpea extracts were combined against gut extracts in soybean-biased volumetric ratios of 0.7:0.3 and 0.8:0.2. This synergistic efficacy was superior to those of two commercial products. The inhibitors were stable for 10-50 min at 80°C but got denatured within few minutes of exposure to higher temperatures. Obtained results showed that the soybean and cowpea are suitable sources of protease inhibitors in breeding exercises for development of transgenic cowpea varieties.

show abstract

Salivary glands and their digestive enzymes in pod-sucking bugs (Hemiptera: Coreoidea) associated with cowpea Vigna unguiculata ssp. unguiculata in Nigeria

Cited by 10 publications

References 11 publications

Comparative transcriptomics and proteomics of three different aphid species identifies core and diverse effector sets

Comparative transcriptomics and proteomics of three different aphid species identifies core and diverse effector sets

Salivary proteins of plant-feeding hemipteroids – implication in phytophagy

Protease inhibition in cowpea pod-sucking bug species (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) using cereal and legume grain extracts

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About