Salivary glands in Svalbard reindeer (Rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus) and in Norwegian reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus)

Mathiesen, Svein D.; Rædergård, V. B.; Vader, M. A.; Haga, Ø. E.; Norberg, Harri; Sørmoe, W.; Tyler, N. J. C.

doi:10.7557/2.19.1.289

Cited by 15 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The omasal volume and papillary height to body mass ratios did not increase significantly in adult goats showing that this organ might have reached its maximum size before the age. The omasum has been studied in exotic cattle, sheep, goats (Yamamoto et al 1994;Green and Baker 1996;Lentle et al 1998), Zambian game species (Stafford and Stafford 1993), Norwegian Artic Svalbard reindeer (Mathiesen et al 2000), Czechs deer species (Kamler 2001) and free -ranging moose and muskoxen (Clauss et al 2006). The histomorphology of adult omasum was similar with that of the neonates though the height and width of the papillae significantly increased.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…They are less numerous in sheep and goats as compared to cattle (Habel 1975). Omasal papillae vary in shape and size amongst breeds and species like cattle, sheep, goats, deer, free -ranging moose and muskoxen (Stafford and Stafford 1993;Yamamoto et al 1994;Green and Baker 1996;Lentle et al 1998;Mathiesen et al 2000;Kamler 2001;Clauss et al 2006). There is a gradual decrease in size of papillae from the reticulo-omasal to the omaso-abomasal orifice.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Studies on the development of omasum in west african dwarf goats (Capra hircus)

Nwaogu

Ezeasor

2008

Vet Res Commun

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This work studied the sequential morphological changes of omasum in foetuses, neonates and adult West African Dwarf (WAD) goats by gross and light microscopic methods. The mean omasal volume was 1.37 +/- 0.36, 4.2 +/- 0.4, 8.7 +/- 6.9 and 60.1 +/- 8.6 ml for gestation day 87 and 146 foetuses, neonates and adults respectively. Grossly the mucosa exhibited longitudinally oriented primary, secondary, tertiary and quartnery laminae with smooth surface in foetuses and numerous papillae in the adults. Microscopically it was lined by stratified squamous epithelium which was divided into larger lighter luminal and smaller darker basal zones in gestation day 60 foetuses. The core of the laminae contained extension of the inner muscular tunic. The basal zone developed lateral evaginations (corial papillae) into the lighter zone of the laminae in gestation day 106 foetuses. By term these corial papillae approached the luminal surface. The papillae emerged above the luminal surface in 4 week old neonates. The papillae were fully developed in adult goats. The mean papillary height and width were -205.1 +/- 34.0, 67.0 +/- 9.6; 235.0 +/- 86.5, 185.0 +/- 42.3 and 570.3 +/- 60.0, 290.1 +/- 66.3 microm for foetuses, neonates and adult goats. The inner circular layer was thicker than the outer longitudinal layer of the muscular tunic. The central muscular layer of the laminae originated from the inner circular layer with attachment to the outer muscular layer in adults. This attachment could be adaptation for better anchorage and muscular contraction of the laminae in WAD goats.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Studies on the development of omasum in west african dwarf goats (Capra hircus)

Nwaogu

Ezeasor

2008

Vet Res Commun

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“…Hofmann and Nygren (1992) observed that the relative parotid weight of moose (Alces alces) could be as low as the range usually reported for grazers in the wintertime but increased to twice those values in the summer-a range never reached by grazers. Differences in parotid gland size of a lesser scope, in relation to feeding, habitat, or season, were also observed by Kay (1987) in red deer (Cervus elaphus), Mathiesen et al (1999) in reindeer (Rangifer tarandus), and Jiang et al (2003) in Mongolian gazelles (Procapra gutturosa); in contrast, Hofmann et al (1988) did not find a difference in the mass of the Gl. parotis between two roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) populations from different habitats.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Additional data were available for the lesser Malaysian mousedeer (Tragulus javanicus) (Vidyadaran et al, 1994), European bison (Bison bonasus) (Cegielka and Kobrynczuk, 1997), for reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) (Mathiesen et al, 1999), Himalayan tahr (Hemitragus jemlahicus) (Clauss et al, 2005b), and for the okapi (Okapia johnstoni) (Clauss et al, 2006c). BM was either measured directly before dissection of the animals, or was approximated using the bilateral masseter mass as a substitute measure according to Axmacher and Hofmann (1988).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Convergent evolution in feeding types: Salivary gland mass differences in wild ruminant species

Hofmann

Streich

Fickel

et al. 2007

Journal of Morphology

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In the ongoing debate about divergent evolutionary morphophysiological adaptations of grazing and browsing ruminants, the size of the salivary glands has received special attention. Here, we report the most comprehensive dataset on ruminant salivary glands so far, with data on the Glandula parotis (n=62 species), Gl. mandibularis (n=61), Gl. buccalis ventralis (n=44), and Gl. sublingualis (n=30). All four salivary gland complexes showed allometric scaling with body mass (BM); in all cases, the 95% confidence interval for the allometric exponent included 0.75 but did not include 1.0 (linearity); therefore, like other parameters linked to the process of food intake, salivary gland mass appears to be correlated to metabolic body weight (BM0.75), and comparisons of relative salivary gland mass between species should rather be made on the basis of BM0.75 than as a percentage of BM. In the subsequent analyses, the percentage of grass (%grass) in the natural diet was used to characterize the feeding type; the phylogenetic tree used for a controlled statistical evaluation was entirely based on mitochondrial DNA information. Regardless of phylogenetic control in the statistical treatment, there was, for all four gland complexes, a significant positive correlation of BM and gland mass, and a significant negative correlation between %grass in the natural diet and gland mass. If the Gl. parotis was analyzed either for cervid or for bovid species only, the negative correlation of gland mass and %grass was still significant in either case; an inspection of certain ruminant subfamilies, however, suggested that a convergent evolutionary adaptation can only be demonstrated if a sufficient variety of ruminant subfamilies are included in a dataset. The results support the concept that ruminant species that ingest more grass have smaller salivary glands, possibly indicating a reduced requirement for the production of salivary tannin-binding proteins.

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“…Anatomical measurements were either taken from existing publications (Bonin, Tremblay, & Côté, ; Booyse & Dehority, ; Church, ; Clauss, Hofmann, Hummel, et al, ; Clauss, Hummel, Vercammen, & Streich, ; Clauss, Hummel, Völlm, Lorenz, & Hofmann, ; Clauss, Reese, & Eulenberger, ; Geiger, Hofmann, & König, ; Hofmann, ; Hofmann, Geiger, & König, ; Hofmann, Knight, & Skinner, ; Holand & Staaland, ; Holtenius & Björnhag, ; Jerbi, Bayoudh, Clauss, & Pérez, ; Jerbi & Pérez, ; Jiang et al, ; Lauwers, ; Ledger & Smith, ; Li, Yuan, & Zhou, ; Mathiesen et al, ; McSweeney, ; Nagy & Regelin, ; Pérez, Erdogan, & Ungerfeld, ; Pérez & Ungerfeld, ; Pérez & Vazquez, ; Pfeiffer, ; Reissig, ; Sauer et al, ; Sauer et al, ; Sauer, Bertelsen, Lund, Weisbjerg, & Clauss, ; Sibbald & Milne, ; Staaland, Adamczewski, & Gunn, ; Stafford & Stafford, ; Tahas et al, ; Takatsuki, ; Werner, ), or from previously unpublished observations during dissections performed by both senior authors. The data are given in the electronic Supporting Information.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative omasum anatomy in ruminants: Relationships with natural diet, digestive physiology, and general considerations on allometric investigations

Ehrlich

Codron

Hofmann³

et al. 2019

Journal of Morphology

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The omasum is the third forestomach compartment of pecoran ruminants. It is assumed that the re-absorption of fluid present in the forestomach digesta (that facilitates particle sorting, digestion, and harvest of microbes) is its main function, so that less diluted digesta is submitted to enzymatic digestion in the lower digestive tract. Here, we evaluate measures of omasum size (representing 84 ruminant species in the largest data set) against body mass and proxies of the natural diet (% grass) or forestomach physiology (fluid throughput), using phylogenetically controlled models. The origin of specimens (free-ranging or captive) did not have an effect in the data set. Models with the best support invariably either included %grass or a physiology proxy in addition to body mass.These effects were not necessarily additive (affecting the intercept of the allometric regression), but often indicated a change in the allometric body mass-exponent with diet or physiology. Only models that allowed an influence on the allometric exponent yielded basic exponents compatible with predictions derived from geometry. Species that include more grass in their natural diet, or that have a "cattle-type" physiology marked by a high forestomach fluid throughput, generally have larger omasa. However, the existence of outliers, as well as the overall data pattern, suggest that this is not an obligatory morphophysiological condition. Circumstantial evidence is presented leading to the hypothesis that the comparatively small and less complex omasa of "moose-type" species do not necessarily represent an "original" state, but may be derived from more complex states by ontogenetic reduction and fusion of omasal laminae.

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Salivary glands in Svalbard reindeer (Rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus) and in Norwegian reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus)

Cited by 15 publications

References 20 publications

Studies on the development of omasum in west african dwarf goats (Capra hircus)

Studies on the development of omasum in west african dwarf goats (Capra hircus)

Convergent evolution in feeding types: Salivary gland mass differences in wild ruminant species

Comparative omasum anatomy in ruminants: Relationships with natural diet, digestive physiology, and general considerations on allometric investigations

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