Salivary immunoglobulin A antibodies reacting with antigens from oral streptococci: longitudinal study in humans

Gahnberg, Lars; Krasse, Bo

doi:10.1128/iai.33.3.697-703.1981

Cited by 38 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 22 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…A vaiying fiow rate infiuences the to-tal amount of antibody secreted in an individual, and this has to be considered when the effects of salivar}' antibodies in the oral cavity are studied (11). In the present study, whole saliva secretion rates of specific IgA antibody to S. mutans and A. viscosus were lowest in the oldest subjects (group D) due to a decrease in whole saliva flow rate in this age group (22).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Age‐related changes in salivary antibodies to commensal oral and gut biota

Percival

Marsh

Challacombe

1997

Oral Microbiology and Immunology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The prevalence of mucosally derived infections appears to increase with age, suggesting dysfunction at the mucosal surfaces. The present investigation was undertaken to examine any age-related changes in secretion rates and concentrations of secretory antibodies in whole and parotid saliva in a healthy adult population. A total of 116 subjects were subdivided into the following age groups: 20-39 years, 40-59 years, 60-79 years and 80 years and over. Specific immunoglobulin A (IgA), IgG and IgM antibodies in whole and parotid saliva to Streptococcus mutans (serotype c), Actinomyces viscosus NCTC 10951, and Escherichia coli NCTC 10418 were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. IgA antibodies to all three organisms examined increased with age in both whole and parotid saliva, whereas IgG antibody levels to S. mutans in whole saliva were significantly decreased with age. IgG antibodies to E. coli in parotid saliva were reduced in older age groups. IgM antibody levels to S. mutans were reduced with age in both secretions, whereas IgM antibodies to A. viscosus were greatest in the oldest age groups. No significant changes with age were observed in salivary IgM antibody levels to E. coli. No significant reduction in the secretion rates of IgA antibodies were observed in parotid or whole saliva, whereas IgG and IgM antibody secretion rates to all three microorganisms were reduced in most age groups in both whole and parotid saliva. The results of this investigation have demonstrated age-related changes with salivary antibodies, but, whereas salivary IgG and IgM antibodies showed decreases, salivary IgA levels generally increased with age. This suggests that the ability to form IgA antibody responses is not impaired with increased age, and that secretion rates and functional properties of antibodies may be as important as concentrations in protection against mucosal infective diseases.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Age‐related changes in salivary antibodies to commensal oral and gut biota

Percival

Marsh

Challacombe

1997

Oral Microbiology and Immunology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…23 Although the secretion rate of parotid IgA in an individual appears to be more stable over time than the actual IgA concentration, 8,24 SIgA is more subjected to short-term variation than other salivary proteins. 33,34 This may reflect differences in the glandular structures involved in the secretion of various protein components 35 and also the fact that SIgA is mainly a product of adaptive immunity. Thus, studies in inbred mice have suggested that fluctuations in glandular IgA + PCs may contribute to variations in salivary Ig levels.…”

Section: Variability Of Salivary Iga Levelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do Salivary Antibodies Reliably Reflect Both Mucosal and Systemic Immunity?

Brandtzæg

2007

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

226

230

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Two major antibody classes operate in saliva: secretory IgA (SIgA) and IgG. The former is synthesized as dimeric IgA by plasma cells (PCs) in salivary glands and is exported by the polymeric Ig receptor (pIgR). Most IgG in saliva is derived from serum (mainly via gingival crevices), although some is locally produced. Gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) and nasopharynx-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT) do not contribute equally to mucosal PCs throughout the body. Thus, enteric immunostimulation is an inadequate mode of stimulating salivary IgA antibodies, which are poorly associated with the intestinal SIgA response, for instance after enteric cholera vaccination. Nevertheless, the IgA response in submandibular/sublingual glands is better related to B cell induction in GALT than the parotid response. Such disparity is suggested by the elevated levels of IgA in submandibular secretions of AIDS patients, paralleling their highly upregulated intestinal IgA system. Moreover, in patients with active celiac disease, IgA antibodies to disease-precipitating gliadin are reliably represented in whole saliva but not in parotid secretion. Parotid SIgA may be more consistently linked to immune induction in palatine tonsils and adenoids (human NALT), as supported by the homing molecule profile of NALT-derived B cell blasts. Also several other variables influence the levels of antibodies in oral secretions. These include difficulties with reproducibility and standardization of immunoassays, the impact of flow rate, acute or chronic stress, protein loss during sample handling, and uncontrolled admixture of serum-derived IgG and monomeric IgA. Despite such problems, saliva remains an interesting biological fluid with great scientific and clinical potentials.

show abstract

“…Even though it is assumed that salivary immunity to indigenous microorganisms ET AL could develop, few studies have assessed the antibacterial reactivity of natural antibodies. Human parotid and whole saliva were reported as containing detectable titers of antibody reactive with some indigenous streptococci (3,7). Brandtzaeg et al (2) have shown that in humans, many salivary bacteria are coated in vivo with IgA and it has been reported more recently that the dental plaque contain significant quantities of IgA and IgG (14,15,26).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Recognition of Oral Indigenous Bacteria by Salivary Immunoglobulins A and G

Deslauriers

Séguin

Trudel

1987

Microbiology and Immunology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Assuming that salivary immunity to indigenous microorganisms could develop, we assessed antibacterial reactivities of natural salivary antibodies in specific pathogen-free inbred mice. An ELISA was set up, using whole bacterial cells, to map reactivities of salivary IgA and IgG which accounted respectively for 91 % and 8.7% of salivary Ig's in the BALB/c mouse. Representative strains of seven species from three genera (Lactobacilli, Staphylococci, and Streptococci), including major and minor components of the murine oral flora (38, 43, and 8%, respectively), were used to determine the presence and level of specific antibodies in individual saliva. It was verified that naturally occurring IgA antibodies can display diverse antibacterial reactivities. A characteristic profile emerged for salivary IgA where antibodies to Streptococcus faecalis predominate. Natural salivary IgG antibodies did not show the same reactivity pattern as IgA, anti-Lactobacilli and anti-Staphylococci reactivities being much less frequent in the salivary IgG repertoire. However, antibodies to S. faecalis occurred at the same high frequency for both isotypes (62-70% of the samples). Besides being species-specific, antibacterial reactivities were also found to be strain-specific. Broad variations in antibacterial titers were detected among individual mice under standardized experimental conditions. Present data thus suggest that the dynamics of salivary antibody production in the mouse reflect a differential natural sensitization of the secretory (IgA) versus the systemic (IgG) immune systems by distinct populations of indigenous bacteria.

show abstract

Salivary immunoglobulin A antibodies reacting with antigens from oral streptococci: longitudinal study in humans

Cited by 38 publications

References 22 publications

Age‐related changes in salivary antibodies to commensal oral and gut biota

Age‐related changes in salivary antibodies to commensal oral and gut biota

Do Salivary Antibodies Reliably Reflect Both Mucosal and Systemic Immunity?

Differential Recognition of Oral Indigenous Bacteria by Salivary Immunoglobulins A and G

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About