Salivary Immunoglobulin Gamma-3 Chain C Is a Promising Noninvasive Biomarker for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Jung, Ju‐Yang; Nam, Jin-Young; Ryu, Keun-Sil; Son, In-Ok; Shin, Joo‐Ho; Baek, Wook-Young; Suh, Chang‐Hee

doi:10.3390/ijms22031374

Cited by 3 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Interestingly, proteomic analysis of saliva from patients with SLE identified the homodimer S100A8 to be almost four times higher as compared with controls. 44 It is noteworthy to mention that the differences found with regard to DA might reflect the close relationship between active LN and a high general DA score, since renal activity is highly weighted in the DA indices, especially in the SLEDAI-2K. 19 21 45 We found enhanced levels of the analysed markers in saliva in patients with high general DA, but not in patients with predominantly renal DA where urine was more informative.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

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Inflammatory markers in saliva and urine reflect disease activity in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus

et al. 2022

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BackgroundLaboratory tests of blood and sometimes urine are used to diagnose and to monitor disease activity (DA) in SLE. Clinical practice would be simplified if non-invasive urine and salivary tests could be introduced as alternatives to blood samples. We therefore explored the levels of innate immunity-related biomarkers in matched serum, urine and saliva samples from patients with SLE.MethodsA total of 84 patients with SLE selected to represent high and low general DA, and 21 controls were included. All participants underwent a thorough clinical examination. General DA and renal DA were measured. The levels of colony-stimulating factor (CSF)-1, interleukin (IL)-34, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interferon-γ-induced protein (IP)-10, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, calprotectin, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α and MIP-1β were analysed by immunoassays and related to DA.ResultsCSF-1, TNF-α, IP-10 and MCP-1 in saliva, serum and urine, as well as calprotectin in saliva and urine were increased in patients with SLE as compared with controls (p<0.05). TNF-α, IP-10 and MCP-1 in saliva, serum and urine, and CSF-1 in saliva and serum distinguished patients with SLE from controls (area under the curve >0.659; p<0.05 for all). CSF-1 in serum and urine, and calprotectin in saliva and urine, as well as TNF- α, IP-10 and MCP-1 in urine correlated positively with measures of general DA (p<0.05). Patients with SLE with active renal disease presented elevated levels of TNF-α, IP-10 and MCP-1 in urine and CSF-1 and IP-10 in serum as compared with patients with SLE with non-active renal disease.ConclusionsOur investigation demonstrates that saliva is a novel alternative body fluid, with potential for surveillance of general DA in patients with SLE, but urine is more informative in patients with SLE with predominantly renal DA.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…Interestingly, proteomic analysis of saliva from patients with SLE identified the homodimer S100A8 to be almost four times higher as compared with controls. 44 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inflammatory markers in saliva and urine reflect disease activity in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus

et al. 2022

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“…Those data indicated that elevation of salivary lactoferrin is associated with lymphocytic infiltration on salivary glands and the immune imbalance that occurs in SS. However, salivary lactoferrin levels had been elevated in other conditions, such as periodontitis and SLE, suggesting a lack of specificity for biomarkers for SS [ 38 , 39 ].…”

Section: Salivary Biomarkers Of Sjogren’s Syndromementioning

confidence: 99%

Salivary Biomarkers in Patients with Sjögren’s Syndrome—A Systematic Review

Jung

Kim

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by dry mouth and dry eyes, with lymphocytic infiltration of the exocrine glands. Saliva is becoming a useful tool to determine the clinical and pathological characteristics of SS because the collection method is easy and non-invasive. Since 1900, salivary proteomic analysis has been performed continuously using a variety of optimized analytical methods. Many studies have identified distinct characteristics of salivary proteins in patients with primary SS, and the changes were related to chronic inflammation and overproduction of immunoglobulins or downregulated secretory function. Several proteomic studies using whole or parotid saliva have evaluated whether several salivary proteins can be used to discriminate SS, including salivary β2-microglobulin, calprotectin, carbonic anhydrase VI, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin-5, and tripartite motif-containing protein 29. In addition, salivary proinflammatory cytokine levels have been reported to be increased in patients with SS. Although these candidate salivary proteins have exhibited considerable differences in patients with SS, more data are needed to confirm their role as biomarkers. Moreover, the identification of salivary characteristics that can accurately reflect disease activity, predict treatment response and prognosis, and diagnose SS is anticipated.

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“…Previously, we looked for the alteration of protein composition in saliva in patients with SLE to find a salivary biomarker for SLE and identified that several peptides including immunoglobulin gamma-3 chain C region (IGHG3) were elevated in the saliva of patients with SLE [ 4 ]. IGHG3 is immunoglobulin G (IgG)3, one of the subclasses of IgG.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the distribution of the IgG subclass in the sera and tissues and their respective functions have not been clearly elucidated in lupus. Previously, our data showed salivary IGHG3 levels were higher and associated with disease activity markers in patients with SLE [ 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased Immunoglobulin Gamma-3 Chain C in the Serum, Saliva, and Urine of Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Jung

Kim

Lee

et al. 2023

IJMS

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Immunoglobulin gamma-3 chain C (IGHG3) levels have been detected in the blood and tissue of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). This study aims to assess its clinical value by measuring and comparing levels of IGHG3 in different body fluids in patients with SLE. The levels of IGHG3 in saliva, serum, and urine from 181 patients with SLE and 99 healthy controls were measured and analyzed. In patients with SLE and healthy controls, salivary IGHG3 levels were 3078.9 ± 2473.8 and 1413.6 ± 1075.3 ng/mL, serum IGHG3 levels were 478.1 ± 160.9 and 364.4 ± 97.9 μg/mL, and urine IGHG3 levels were 64.0 ± 74.5 and 27.1 ± 16.2 ng/mL, respectively (all p < 0.001). Salivary IGHG3 was correlated with ESR (correlation coefficient [r], 0.173; p = 0.024). Serum IGHG3 was correlated with leukocyte count (r, −0.219; p = 0.003), lymphocyte count (r, 0.22; p = 0.03), anti-dsDNA antibody positivity (r, 0.22; p = 0.003), and C3 levels (r, −0.23; p = 0.002). Urinary IGHG3 was correlated with hemoglobin level (r, −0.183; p = 0.021), ESR (r, 0.204; p = 0.01), anti-dsDNA antibody positivity (r, 0.262; p = 0.001), C3 levels (r, −0.202; p = 0.011), and SLE disease activity index (r, 0.332; p = 0.01). Urinary IGHG3 was higher in patients with nephritis than in those without (119.5 ± 110.0 vs. 49.8 ± 54.4 ng/mL; p < 0.01). IGHG3 was increased in the saliva, serum, and urine of patients with SLE. While salivary IGHG3 was not identified to be specific to SLE disease activity, serum IGHG3 showed correlations with clinical characteristics. Urinary IGHG3 levels were associated with disease activity and renal involvement in SLE.

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Salivary Immunoglobulin Gamma-3 Chain C Is a Promising Noninvasive Biomarker for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Cited by 3 publications

References 43 publications

Inflammatory markers in saliva and urine reflect disease activity in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus

Inflammatory markers in saliva and urine reflect disease activity in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus

Salivary Biomarkers in Patients with Sjögren’s Syndrome—A Systematic Review

Increased Immunoglobulin Gamma-3 Chain C in the Serum, Saliva, and Urine of Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

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