Salivary inflammatory proteins in patients with oral potentially malignant disorders

Abstract

Cytokines are a group of small proteins involved in the regulation of infection, immune responses and inflammation. Since altered cytokine responsiveness has been linked to Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC), research to date indicates the possibility of using salivary pro- and anti-inflammatory proteins for screening of oral disorders. OSCC is a multistep neoplasia in which many genetic and epigenetic changes have been correlated to cancerous transformation of oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) such as oral leukoplakia, erythroplakia and lichen planus. The goal of the innovative salivary diagnostics is the identification of a single or multiple biomarkers that will serve as a clinical test facilitating the diagnosis of patients predisposed to develop OSCC. Based on scientific literature review, this article summarizes the results from nine articles, all of them being case-control studies where TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8 were considered possible indicators of malignant transformation. Key words: Interleukins, saliva, oral premalignant lesions.

Analysis of DNA methylation and TP53 mutational status for differentiating feline oral squamous cell carcinoma from non‐neoplastic mucosa: A preliminary study

“…In humans, an overlap between the DNA methylation pattern of chronic periodontitis and oral SCC has been previously reported 54 . For this and other reasons, chronic periodontitis is supposed to be a risk factor for HOSCC, and several other potentially malignant oral disorders with an inflammatory base are well‐recognized in humans 55‐57 …”

“…54 For this and other reasons, chronic periodontitis is supposed to be a risk factor for HOSCC, and several other potentially malignant oral disorders with an inflammatory base are well-recognized in humans. [55][56][57] No oral lesions of confirmed pre-neoplastic significance have been so far identified in cats. Considering the high incidence of chronic stomatitis in geriatric cats, it can be difficult to estimate how reliable is the risk of a neoplastic transformation of these lesions, although this has been previously hypothesized.…”

Potential Non-Invasive Biomarkers for Early Diagnosis of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

“…It is now well recognized that altered cytokine responsiveness is tightly related to the development of oral cancer. Besides, it has also been associated with premalignant lesions such as OL [ 28 , 29 ]. The multiplex cytokine test was efficient in the detection and quantification of cytokine levels in the saliva of patients with HL PVL, at different clinical stages of OSCC, and their healthy counterparts.…”

Examination of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Precancerous Lesions Using Proximity Extension Assay and Salivary RNA Quantification

“…In order to test our results, we have used saliva samples collected from a larger patient cohort (12 patients with OLK and 23 patients with OLP), and the level of IL6 was examined using sensitive sandwich ELISA. IL6 was chosen, because it is involved in inflammatory processes and is a good marker of OSCC, but its effectiveness in the identification of premalignant lesions is controversial [ 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 ]. We have examined IL6 in our previous study and we have shown that both the mRNA and protein levels of IL6 are elevated in the saliva of patients with OSCC compared to controls [ 23 , 28 ].…”