Salivary malondialdehyde in oral submucous fibrosis – A marker for oxidative damage

Abstract

Background: Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a potentially malignant disorder of oral mucosa and its malignant transformation rate accounts to about 7%–13%. Oxidative damage and lipid peroxidation plays an important role in OSMF. Lipid peroxidation has not been widely investigated in OSMF patients with respect to clinical staging and histopathological grading. As human saliva is a diagnostic fluid which can be obtained in a noninvasive procedure as compared to the blood for serum analysis, the present study was aimed at evaluating the salivary malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in OSMF and comparison with respect to clinical staging and histopathological grading. Aim: This study aims to evaluate salivary MDA levels in OSMF and compare the levels with respect to clinical and histopathological grading systems. Materials and Methods: Forty cases of clinically diagnosed and histopathologically proven cases of OSMF were included for the purpose of this study. As controls 40 age-matched individuals without any systemic disease were selected. Unstimulated whole saliva was collected from each individual, centrifuged and frozen at − 20°C until analysis. Lipid peroxidation products MDA were analyzed by thiobarbituric acid reaction. Results: Salivary MDA levels were significantly increased in OSMF patients compared to controls. The progressively increased salivary MDA levels showed a positive correlation with the clinical stages and histopathological grades of OSMF and the results were statistically significant. Conclusion: The increased salivary MDA levels in OSMF patients compared to the control group suggests an increased oxidative stress levels in the potentially malignant disorders such as OSMF. The mean salivary MDA levels were increased significantly as the clinical stage and histopathological grade of OSMF advances, suggesting MDA to be used as a reliable biochemical marker and also a prognostic marker to assess the extent of oxidative damage in OSMF.

Salivary Profile in Oral Submucous Fibrosis: A Scoping Review

“…Three published researches conducting the thiobarbituric acid-trichloroacetic acid method proposed that salivary MDA levels peaked in OSMF patients with clinical stage progress. 16,30,31 Salivary MMP-12 is a valuable prognostic biomarker in rare and aggressive tumors due to its functional properties and role in tissue-destructive diseases. MMP-12 is likely used as a biomarker for various oral diseases.…”

“…Three published researches conducting the thiobarbituric acid-trichloroacetic acid method proposed that salivary MDA levels peaked in OSMF patients with clinical stage progress. 16 30 31…”

Effect of Clitoria ternatea L. Extract on Melatonin, NRF2, and MDA Levels in Diabetic RAT

“…The lipid peroxidization study was carried out using the Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances (TBARS) method developed by Ganta et al, 2021. The reagent material consists of 0.5 cc of serum that has been diluted 20 times, 20% TCA, 0.5% TBA, and 2.5N HCL placed in a test tube.…”

“…The MDA of the sample was computed utilizing an extinction coefficient of 1.56 105 M 1 cm 1. (Ganta et al, 2021)…”

Evaluation of Salivary Lipid Peroxidation in Paan Users

“…A free radical, such as H2O2 ions, hydroxyl radicals, and superoxide anions, which are chemically highly reactive, can damage the lipids in the oral mucosa by activating lipid peroxidation (10). Malondialdehyde (MDA) is a product of lipid peroxidation and a biomarker of oxidative stress (11)(12)(13), which plays an essential role in DNA damage, mutagenicity, and car-cinogenesis (12,13).…”