Salivary Metabolic Profile of Patients with Lung Cancer, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease of Varying Severity and Their Comorbidity: A Preliminary Study

Abstract

The aim of the work was to study the features of the salivary biochemical composition in the combined pathology of lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) of varying severity (COPD I, COPD II). The study group included patients with lung cancer (n = 392), non-malignant lung pathologies (n = 168) and healthy volunteers (n = 500). Before treatment, the salivary biochemical composition was determined according to 34 indicators. Survival analysis performed by the Kaplan-Meier method. Biochemical parameters (catalase, imidazole compounds ICs, sialic acids, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)) that can be used to monitor patients at risk (COPD I) for timely diagnosis of lung cancer are determined. A complex of salivary biochemical indicators with prognostic value in lung cancer was revealed. For patients with lung cancer without COPD, a group of patients with a favorable prognosis can be distinguished with a combination of ICs < 0.478 mmol/L and LDH >1248 U/L (HR = 1.56, 95% CI 0.40–6.07, p = 0.03891). For COPD I, a level of ICs < 0.182 mmol/L are prognostically favorable (HR = 1.74, 95% CI 0.71–4.21, p = 0.07270). For COPD II, combinations of pH < 6.74 and LDH >1006 U/L are prognostically favorable. In general, for patients with lung cancer in combination with COPD I, the prognosis is more favorable than without COPD.

Label-Free SERS Salivary Biosensor Based on Ni@Ag Core–Shell Nanoparticles Anchored on Carbon Nanofibers for Prediagnosis of Lung Cancer

“…As the degree of damage to the lymph node lesion rises, the level of imidazole compounds also increases. Thus, the level of imidazole compounds in saliva can be used as an important biomarker for lung cancer detection. ,− …”

Features of the Metabolic Profile of Saliva in Lung Cancer and COPD: The Effect of Smoking Status

“…In this study, we examined groups of patients without COPD, with mild and moderate COPD (GOLD I, GOLD II), designated, respectively, NO COPD, COPD I and COPD II. Additional division of these into subgroups in accordance with the histological type of lung cancer was not carried out since we have previously shown that the factor of the presence/absence of COPD is more significant for changes in the metabolic profile of saliva than the histological type of lung cancer [ 29 ]. All patients with COPD were out of the exacerbation stage, and therefore non-drug support measures were implemented and short-acting bronchodilators were prescribed for use as needed.…”

“…Previously, we identified 34 biochemical parameters of saliva, which statistically significantly change in lung cancer of various histological types in comparison with healthy controls [ 17 ]. We have previously shown that the presence of COPD as a concomitant pathology does not fundamentally change the metabolic profile of saliva but increases the range of changes in the corresponding biochemical indicators [ 29 ]. Biochemical indicators (catalase, imidazole compounds, sialic acids, lactate dehydrogenase) have been identified, which can be used to monitor patients from risk groups for the timely diagnosis of lung cancer, in particular patients with early stages of COPD [ 29 ].…”

“…We have previously shown that the presence of COPD as a concomitant pathology does not fundamentally change the metabolic profile of saliva but increases the range of changes in the corresponding biochemical indicators [ 29 ]. Biochemical indicators (catalase, imidazole compounds, sialic acids, lactate dehydrogenase) have been identified, which can be used to monitor patients from risk groups for the timely diagnosis of lung cancer, in particular patients with early stages of COPD [ 29 ]. In this study, we compared the metabolic profiles of saliva within a group of patients with lung cancer depending on the presence or absence of COPD while taking into account the smoking status.…”