Salivary micro RNA as a potential biomarker in oral potentially malignant disorders: A systematic review

Abstract

Oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) are oral mucosal disorders which have a high potential to turn into malignancy. A recent report suggests that 16%–62% of epithelial dysplasia cases of OPMD undergo malignant transformation, showing the need for early detection of malignancy in these disorders. Micro RNA (miRNA) plays an important role in cellular growth, differentiation, apoptosis, and immune response, and hence, deregulation of miRNA is considered a signature of oral carcinogenesis. A search was done using MeSH terms in the PubMed, ScienceDirect databases, hand search, and finally, six studies were included in this systematic review. A total of 167 patients with oral cancer, 78 with OPMDs, 147 healthy controls, and 20 disease controls were analyzed for the expression of salivary miRNAs. Quality assessment based on the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies 2 tool was used to obtain a risk of bias chart using Revman 5.3 software and it was proved that the study done by Zahran et al. in 2015 had a low risk of bias. The results of this study revealed upregulated miRNA 184 with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.86 and miRNA 21 with an AUC of 0.73 and downregulated miRNA 145 with an AUC of 0.68, which proved that these miRNAs are significant in detecting early malignancy in OPMD and should be further analyzed in various populations. This systematic review explored the potential of expression of salivary miRNA in OPMD for future studies. This could pave the way to utilize saliva as a surrogate marker in diagnosing early malignant changes in OPMD.

Salivary Biomarkers for Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Diagnosis and Follow-Up: Current Status and Perspectives

“…Over the years, many studies and reviews summarized the updates on evaluation of miRNA expression alteration for diagnosis and risk stratification of oral cancers, finding that many miRNAs are differentially expressed between healthy and OSCC patients (Table 3; Park et al, 2009;Wiklund et al, 2011;Liu et al, 2012;Yang et al, 2013;Momen-Heravi et al, 2014;Al-malkey and Abbas, 2015;Zahran et al, 2015;Duz et al, 2016;Greither et al, 2017). The different salivary expression of miRNAs, as miR-125, miR-200a, miR-21, miR-145, miR-200a, miR-93, miR-375, and miR-184 in OSCC patients compared to the healthy subjects, has been demonstrated to be a reliable method to detect OSCC and potentially malignant oral lesions (Park et al, 2009;Wiklund et al, 2011;Zahran et al, 2015;Greither et al, 2017;Maheswari et al, 2018).…”

Prevalence of dental caries in patients with type II diabetes mellitus

“…These include salivary pH level, calcium, luoride, and phosphate with an optimum low rate. Salivary diagnostics is least invasive, although there is a technical dif iculty in storing and handling saliva (Venugopal and Maheswari, 2016;Maheswari, 2018). The organic acid formed in the dental plaque is believed to be a predisposing factor for caries, but this is not completely acceptable because it is a complex combined effect of low pH, calcium, luoride and phosphate that results in the dissolution of minerals in the teeth.…”

Prevalence of TMD in patients visiting private dental institution - A retrospective study

“…Identi ication of the signs of a possible TMD is essential for diagnosis. Previously our team had conducted numerous case studies (Choudhury and Panigrahi, 2015;Misra et al, 2015) and systematic reviews (Venugopal and Maheswari, 2016;Chaitanya, 2017;Chaitanya et al, 2018;Maheswari et al, 2018) and questionnairebased studies (Subashri and Maheshwari, 2016;Warnakulasuriya and Muthukrishnan, 2018) and international validation study (Steele et al, 2015) and radiographic studies (Rohini and Kumar, 2017;Patil et al, 2018;Subha and Arvind, 2019) over the past 5 years. Now we are focussing on epidemiological surveys.…”