Salivary MMP-9 in the detection of oral squamous cell carcinoma

Abstract

BackgroundOral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common malignant tumour of the oral cavity. Detection of OSCC is currently based on clinical oral examination combined with histopathological evaluation of a biopsy sample. Direct contact between saliva and the oral cancer makes measurement of salivary metalloproteinase- 9 (MMP-9) an attractive alternative.Material and MethodsIn total, 30 OSCC patients and 30 healthy controls were included in this prospective study. Saliva samples from both groups were collected, centrifuged and supernatant fluid was subjected to ELISA for assessment of MMP-9. The median salivary MMP-9 values with interquartile range (IQR) of OSCC patients and the control group were statistically analysed using the Mann-Whitney U-test. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was constructed and the area under curve (AUC) was computed.ResultsThe median absorbance MMP-9 value of the OSCC group was 0.186 (IQR=0.158) and that of control group was 0.156 (IQR=0.102). MMP-9 was significantly increased in the OSCC patients than in the controls by +19.2% (p=0.008). Median values in patients with recurrence and in patients with primary event were 0.233 (IQR=0.299) and 0.186 (IQR=0.134) respectively. MMP-9 was significantly increased in patients with primary event (p=0.017) compared to controls by +19.2%. No significant increase of MMP-9 level was detected when comparing patients with recurrence and healthy controls (+49.4%; p=0.074). The sensitivity value of MMP-9 was 100% whereas the specificity value was 26.7% with AUC of 0.698.ConclusionsThe present data indicates that the elevation of salivary levels of MMP-9 may be a useful adjunctive diagnostic tool for detection of OSCC. However, further studies are necessary to provide scientific and clinical validation. Key words:Oral squamous cell carcinoma, oral cancer, saliva, salivary diagnostics, cancer detection, MMP-9, metalloproteinases.

Knockdown of Matrix Metallopeptidase 9 Inhibits Metastasis of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells in a Zebrafish Xenograft Model

“…The knockdown of MMP-9 may effectively inhibit OSCC cell metastasis and invasion in xenografted zebrafish. These evidences confirmed that the role of MMP-9 in OSCC cells is consistent with that in series of cancers and relevant clinical researches [15][16][17][18]. As previously described, angiogenesis is an important step of cancer metastasis and facilitates distant metastasis.…”

“…The overexpression of MMP-9 in human OSCC tissues may contribute to cancer metastasis, suggesting that MMP-9 may serve as a prognostic biomarker of OSCC [15,16]. In addition, the elevated MMP-9 level in saliva may be a useful diagnostic factor for the early detection of OSCC [17,18]. Although the high expression of MMP-9 was considered to be associated with the invasion of OSCCs in clinical studies, further basic studies in vivo and in vitro are necessary to confirm the role of MMP-9 in OSCCs and provide scientific validation.…”

Salivary MMP-9 as a Biomarker for the Diagnosis of Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

“…Few studies evaluated various tumor markers in the saliva of OSCC subjects (Ghallab and Shaker, 2017;Peisker et al, 2017;Lee et al, 2018). There is a need to identify specific and sensitive molecular biomarkers, which can be used to screen OSCC and OPMD.…”

“…Tobacco, if consumed in various forms, causes surface changes and keratinization in mucosa which leads to alteration of MMP-9 secretion. This change in concentration can be traced in serum as well as the saliva of cancer subjects and subjects diagnosed with OPMD (Peisker et al, 2017).…”

“Search less, verify more”—Reviewing salivary biomarkers in oral cancer detection

“…Gelatinase‐B (MMP‐9) is another promising salivary protease marker with reported single SE and SP of 100% and 26.7%‐79%, respectively . A recent meta‐analysis of 9 diagnostic salivary biomarker studies concluded that MMP‐9 and chemerin together possessed excellent diagnostic validity and constituted the most sensitive and specific OSCC panel yet …”