Salivary nitrite production is elevated in individuals with a higher abundance of oral nitrate-reducing bacteria

Burleigh, Mia; Liddle, Luke; Monaghan, Chris; Muggeridge, David J.; Sculthorpe, Nicholas; Butcher, John; Henriquez, Fiona L.; Allen, Jason D.; Easton, Chris

doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.03.023

Cited by 87 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…Among nitrate-reducing bacteria of the mouth, Prevotella is the most abundant. According to the previous work [ 57 , 61 , 66 ], Prevotella and Veillonella are the first and second most copious genera among known NO 3 reducing bacteria, contrasting with previous research that identified only Veillonella as the most abundant taxa found on the tongue dorsum [ 57 ]. Veillonella , Prevotella , Haemophilus , and Streptococcus were found in abundance on the tongue dorsum of healthy individuals [ 52 ].…”

Section: Endothelial Disfunction No Bioavailability and Bpmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…The abundance of NO 3 reducing bacteria was significantly correlated with the change in NO 2 salivary (P = 0.03, r = 0.44) [ 61 ]. It has been suggested that bacteria do not work only independently but in synergy.…”

Section: The Role Of Oral Microbiome In No Homeostasismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Burleigh et al [ 61 ] found that the abundance of nitrate-reducing bacteria was associated with the generation of salivary nitrite. Furthermore, a higher quantity of reducing bacteria is not necessarily related to higher NO bioavailability, measurable with plasma nitrite response, and does not affect the generation of NO through the diet.…”

Section: Endothelial Disfunction No Bioavailability and Bpmentioning

confidence: 99%

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How Periodontal Disease and Presence of Nitric Oxide Reducing Oral Bacteria Can Affect Blood Pressure

Pignatelli

Fabietti

Ricci

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Nitric oxide (NO), a small gaseous and multifunctional signaling molecule, is involved in the maintenance of metabolic and cardiovascular homeostasis. It is endogenously produced in the vascular endothelium by specific enzymes known as NO synthases (NOSs). Subsequently, NO is readily oxidized to nitrite and nitrate. Nitrite is also derived from exogenous inorganic nitrate (NO3) contained in meat, vegetables, and drinking water, resulting in greater plasma NO2 concentration and major reduction in systemic blood pressure (BP). The recycling process of nitrate and nitrite to NO (nitrate-nitrite-NO pathway), known as the enterosalivary cycle of nitrate, is dependent upon oral commensal nitrate-reducing bacteria of the dorsal tongue. Veillonella, Actinomyces, Haemophilus, and Neisseria are the most copious among the nitrate-reducing bacteria. The use of chlorhexidine mouthwashes and tongue cleaning can mitigate the bacterial nitrate-related BP lowering effects. Imbalances in the oral reducing microbiota have been associated with a decrease of NO, promoting endothelial dysfunction, and increased cardiovascular risk. Although there is a relationship between periodontitis and hypertension (HT), the correlation between nitrate-reducing bacteria and HT has been poorly studied. Restoring the oral flora and NO activity by probiotics may be considered a potential therapeutic strategy to treat HT.

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Section: Endothelial Disfunction No Bioavailability and Bpmentioning

confidence: 76%

Section: The Role Of Oral Microbiome In No Homeostasismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Endothelial Disfunction No Bioavailability and Bpmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

How Periodontal Disease and Presence of Nitric Oxide Reducing Oral Bacteria Can Affect Blood Pressure

Pignatelli

Fabietti

Ricci

et al. 2020

IJMS

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“…It has been proposed that the oral microbiome modulates the magnitude of plasma [NO 2 - ] increase, as well as changes in associated physiological indices, in response to NO 3 - supplementation [6] , [17] , [18] , [25] . A recent study indicated that a composite relative abundance of seven species (including Prevotella melaninogenica , Veillonella parvula , and Rothia mucilaginosa ) was positively correlated with the rise in salivary [NO 2 - ], but not plasma [NO 2 - ], in response to acute ingestion of a single NO 3 - bolus [7] . We found that individuals who had high proportions of P. melaninogenica and Campylobacter concisus at baseline were less responsive to chronic NO 3 - supplementation, i.e.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrate-responsive oral microbiome modulates nitric oxide homeostasis and blood pressure in humans

Vanhatalo

Blackwell

L’Heureux

et al. 2018

Free Radical Biology and Medicine

171

153

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Imbalances in the oral microbial community have been associated with reduced cardiovascular and metabolic health. A possible mechanism linking the oral microbiota to health is the nitrate (NO3-)-nitrite (NO2-)-nitric oxide (NO) pathway, which relies on oral bacteria to reduce NO3- to NO2-. NO (generated from both NO2- and L-arginine) regulates vascular endothelial function and therefore blood pressure (BP). By sequencing bacterial 16S rRNA genes we examined the relationships between the oral microbiome and physiological indices of NO bioavailability and possible changes in these variables following 10 days of NO3- (12 mmol/d) and placebo supplementation in young (18–22 yrs) and old (70–79 yrs) normotensive humans (n = 18). NO3- supplementation altered the salivary microbiome compared to placebo by increasing the relative abundance of Proteobacteria (+225%) and decreasing the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes (−46%; P < 0.05). After NO3-supplementation the relative abundances of Rothia (+127%) and Neisseria (+351%) were greater, and Prevotella (−60%) and Veillonella (−65%) were lower than in the placebo condition (all P < 0.05). NO3- supplementation increased plasma concentration of NO2- and reduced systemic blood pressure in old (70–79 yrs), but not young (18–22 yrs), participants. High abundances of Rothia and Neisseria and low abundances of Prevotella and Veillonella were correlated with greater increases in plasma [NO2-] in response to NO3- supplementation. The current findings indicate that the oral microbiome is malleable to change with increased dietary intake of inorganic NO3-, and that diet-induced changes in the oral microbial community are related to indices of NO homeostasis and vascular health in vivo.

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“…However, and despite these limitations, this is the first study of its type with elite endurance athletes, and one of the very few studies of the diet/nutrients × oral microbiota interactions affecting the physiology and/or metabolism of healthy human subjects. Furthermore, while fluctuations in the abundance and/or activities of nitrate-reducing bacteria in the oral microbiome are recognised to affect an individual's responsiveness to nitrate supplementation (112), this is the first study of the effects of dietary manipulation on this specific microbiome.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of diet - microbiota interactions as affected by the carbohydrate intake of healthy human subjects

Murtaza¹

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In relation to human health and well-being, strategies that positively influence the composition and activity of the microbiota are keenly sought, and diet is widely accepted as being a major factor for altering the gastrointestinal microbiota. The overarching aim of my Ph.D. studies was to characterize how diets with varying profiles of carbohydrate content and intake affect the gut and the oral microbiota of healthy individuals. Two key groups of subjects were used in separate studies: elite male athletes (endurance walkers) and healthy conventional subjects. During my studies, advances in DNA sequencing (and related bioinformatics methods) have enabled transition from the taxonomic profiling of microbial communities, to the production of data representing their collective genetic potential (i.e. the metagenome). As such, I have used both approaches here, and provide new insights into the nature of the diet x microbiota interactions in healthy individuals. Chapter One reviews literature relating to diet x microbiota interactions with specific reference to how some diets (such as low FODMAP) affect the gut microbiota. Chapter Two provides the methodological details shared across the other research Chapters, and that samples either stored at sub-optimal temperatures, or that undergo repeated freeze-thaw cycles, are depleted of bacteria with a Gram-negative cell wall ultrastructure (e.g. Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria). These results emphasized the importance of sample preservation and storage on these types of data generated from stool samples. Chapters Three and Four presents my results and conclusions about how the dietary pattern of elite race walkers during their period of intensified training affected their oral and stool microbiota, respectively. This research was undertaken in complement to the Supernova 1 study coordinated by Australian Institute of Sports. Stool and saliva samples were collected at the beginning and end of a three-week dietary intervention period, from elite male endurance race walkers choosing to consume either a High Carbohydrate (HCHO), High Carbohydrate-periodised (PCHO) or a Low Carbohydrate High Fat (LCHF) diet, and the microbial communities were examined using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. The results in Chapter Three show that the LCHF diet results in substantive changes in v Publications during candidature Published, peer-reviewed review article

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Salivary nitrite production is elevated in individuals with a higher abundance of oral nitrate-reducing bacteria

Cited by 87 publications

References 50 publications

How Periodontal Disease and Presence of Nitric Oxide Reducing Oral Bacteria Can Affect Blood Pressure

How Periodontal Disease and Presence of Nitric Oxide Reducing Oral Bacteria Can Affect Blood Pressure

Nitrate-responsive oral microbiome modulates nitric oxide homeostasis and blood pressure in humans

Investigation of diet - microbiota interactions as affected by the carbohydrate intake of healthy human subjects

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