Salivary protein composition in epileptic patients on different medications

Henskens, Yvonne; Strooker, H.; Keijbus, P.A.M. van den; Veerman, E.C.I.; Amerongen, A. van Nieuw

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0714.1996.tb00279.x

Cited by 19 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Sialorrhoea is often linked with antipsychotics, benzodiazepines, and antihypertensive drugs [31]. Antiepileptics also cause significant changes in saliva by influencing the amylase and protein concentration in saliva.…”

Section: Role Of Saliva In Monitoring the Drug Levelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Saliva: A Cutting Edge in Diagnostic Procedures

Sindhu

Jagannathan

2014

Journal of Oral Diseases

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The ability to monitor the health and disease status of the patient through saliva is a highly desirable goal for the health professionals. Considering the microconcentration of salivary constituents, saliva is explored to be diagnostic tool as it also meets the demands for an inexpensive, noninvasive and easy to use screening method. The incorporation of salivary diagnostics into clinical practice is gaining reality and will be of diagnostic value in the prospective future. The investigative use of saliva is not being applied only in dental health but also in various other systemic disorders. The advent of molecular techniques is gaining attention and this has triggered its application as a specific and sensitive biomarker in proteomics, genomics, and transcriptomics. This review discusses the basics of salivary diagnostics, expectoration techniques, and its application in various local and systemic disorders.

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Section: Role Of Saliva In Monitoring the Drug Levelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Saliva: A Cutting Edge in Diagnostic Procedures

Sindhu

Jagannathan

2014

Journal of Oral Diseases

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“…It is a specific inhibitor of chymotrypsin-like serine peptidases, such as cathepsin G and proteinase 3 (for which it is a major serum inhibitor) and the mast cell chymases. Proteins with specific CP inhibitory activity belong to one of three families, designated types 1, 2, and 3, in the cystatin superfamily (reviewed in Bobek and Levine, 1992;Abrahamson, 1994;Henskens et al, 1996;Dickinson, in preparation). Type I cystatins, also called stefins, are ca.…”

Section: (Vi) the Proteolytic Cascade: Interactions Between Enzymes Amentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The salivary cystatin proteins (reviewed in Bobek and Levine, 1992;Henskens et al, 1996) are abundant salivary (and tear) inhibitors of CPs, a phylogenetically ubiquitous and diverse class of peptidase. Thus, it is generally assumed that one function of salivary cystatins in vivo is to provide protection in the oral cavity by inhibiting CPs.…”

Section: (I) Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cysteine Peptidases of Mammals: Their Biological Roles and Potential Effects in the Oral Cavity and Other Tissues in Health and Disease

Dickinson

2002

Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine

159

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Cysteine peptidases (CPs) are phylogenetically ubiquitous enzymes that can be classified into clans of evolutionarily independent proteins based on the structural organization of the active site. In mammals, two of the major clans represented in the genome are: the CA clan, whose members share a structure and evolutionary history with papain; and the CD clan, which includes the legumains and caspases. This review focuses on the properties of these enzymes, with an emphasis on their potential roles in the oral cavity. The human genome encodes at least (but possibly no more than) 11 distinct enzymes, called cathepsins, that are members of the papain family C1A. Ten of these are present in rodents, which also carry additional genes encoding other cathepsins and cathepsin-like proteins. Human cathepsins are best known from the ubiquitously expressed lysosomal cathepsins B, H, and L, and dipeptidyl peptidase I (DPP I), which until recently were considered to mediate primarily "housekeeping" functions in the cell. However, mutations in DPP I have now been shown to underlie Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome and pre-pubertal periodontitis. Other cathepsins are involved in tissue-specific functions such as bone remodeling, but relatively little is known about the functions of several recently discovered enzymes. Collectively, CPs participate in multiple host systems that are active in health and in disease. They are involved in tissue remodeling and turnover of the extracellular matrix, immune system function, and modulation and alteration of cell function. Intracellularly, CPs function in diverse processes including normal protein turnover, antigen and proprotein processing, and apoptosis. Extracellularly, they can contribute directly to the degradation of foreign proteins and the extracellular matrix. However, CPs can also participate in proteolytic cascades that amplify the degradative capacity, potentially leading to pathological damage, and facilitating the penetration of tissues by cancer cells. We know relatively little regarding the role of human CPs in the oral cavity in health or disease. Most studies to date have focused on the potential use of the lysosomal enzymes as markers for periodontal disease activity. Human saliva contains high levels of cystatins, which are potent CP inhibitors. Although these proteins are presumed to serve a protective function, their in vivo targets are unknown, and it remains to be discovered whether they serve to control any human CP activity.

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“…Salivary level of 3-hydroxy-fatty acids (lipid constituent of lipopolysacharide endotoxin of several anaerobic bacteria) are also good indicators of chronic periodontitis (23). Albumin may also correlate with gingival inflammation (24). Although the periodontal diseases be diagnosed only by dental examination, the latest data on the role of periodontal diseases in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular conditions and also in premature birth may increase the significance of "quick screening" from the saliva (3).…”

Section: Saliva and Periodontal Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Saliva in Health and Disease, Chemical Biology of

Fábían

Fejérdy²,

Csermely

2008

Wiley Encyclopedia of Chemical Biology

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Saliva is a bodily fluid secreted by three pairs of major salivary glands (parotid submandibular and sublingual) and by many of minor salivary glands. Saliva is supplemented with several constituents that originate from blood serum, from intact or destroyed mucosal and immune cells, and from intact or destroyed oral microorganisms that result in a complex mixture of a variety of molecules. Saliva plays an important role in acquired pellicle formation on tooth surfaces, crystal growth homeostasis, bacterial adhesion, plaque formation, and—because of its lubricating effect—in maintaining mucosal integrity of the oral and upper gastrointestinal mucosal surfaces. It also plays an important role in physico‐chemical defense, antimicrobial defense, and wound healing. Many saliva constituents including proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and ions interact under fine regulation to fulfill these important tasks. Local and systemic disorders may disturb and interrupt these complex balanced functions, which can lead to mucosal and tooth damages. In other cases, systemic disorders induce salivary changes without any significant local effects. Many such changes are of high diagnostic interest because they can be rather specific to the causing conditions and can be used for screening and early diagnosis of several local and systemic disorders.

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Salivary protein composition in epileptic patients on different medications

Cited by 19 publications

References 27 publications

Saliva: A Cutting Edge in Diagnostic Procedures

Saliva: A Cutting Edge in Diagnostic Procedures

Cysteine Peptidases of Mammals: Their Biological Roles and Potential Effects in the Oral Cavity and Other Tissues in Health and Disease

Saliva in Health and Disease, Chemical Biology of

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