Salivary Protein Polymorphism in Kenya: Evidence for a New &lt;i&gt;AMY1 &lt;/i&gt;Allele

Pronk, Jan C.; Jansen, Wim J.; Pronk, Appolo; Pol, Christien F.A.M.v.d.; Frants, Rune R.; Eriksson, Aldur W.

doi:10.1159/000153465

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…AMY1 11 is probably identical with one of the PAGE variants mentioned by Merritt and Karn (1977). The variants AMY1 1, AMY1 2, AMY1 3 and AMY1 5 are in accordance with the numbers used by de Soyza (1978;, Ktihnl and Tischberger (1980), Pronk et al (1982;1984) and Boan and Caeiro (1988). The allozymes A, R1 and R2 in Pronk and Frants (1979) and correspond to our numbers AMY1 1, AMY1 2 and AMY1 3, respectively.…”

Section: Amylase Protein Variantssupporting

confidence: 67%

“…However, the frequencies of the individual variants described have been low. With the introduction of isoelectric focusing (IEF), genetic polymorphisms, mostly with a higher frequency, have been reported by Skude (1972), Pronk (1977), Pronk and Frants (1979), 1984), de Soyza (1978;, Ktihnl and Tischberger (1980), , , Tsuchida and lkemoto (1987), and Boan and Caeiro (1988).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Variation in gene copy number and polymorphism of the human salivary amylase isoenzyme system in Caucasians

et al. 1992

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Summary. The polymorphic patterns of human salivary amylase of a large number of individuals of Caucasian origin were determined by using isoelectric focusing and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Nine different salivary amylase protein variants were found; three of them are recorded for the first time and their heredity is shown. Some of the variants are encoded by haplotypes expressing three allozymes. Most variants display low frequencies. Analysis of the relative intensities of variant-specific isozyme bands, combined with segregation analysis, show that extensive quantitative variation is present in the population. The numbers of salivary amylase genes in some families showing quantitative variation at the protein level have been estimated by the polymerase chain reaction. We present evidence that quantitative variations in amylase protein patterns do not always reflect variations in gene copy number but that other mechanisms are also involved.

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Section: Amylase Protein Variantssupporting

confidence: 67%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation in gene copy number and polymorphism of the human salivary amylase isoenzyme system in Caucasians

et al. 1992

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“…The expression of these two alleles is autosomal-codominant (Azen, 1972(Azen, , 1973. The HIS22 allele is found primarily, and in high frequencies, in Black populations (Azen, 1972;Peters et al, 1977;Pals and Pronk, 1979;Pronk et al, 1984;Tsuchida and Ikemoto, 1989 HISI and part of the HIS21 genes by screening a genomic DNA library made from HIS22 homozygous and HIS21 homozygous individuals, respectively. The putative genomic fragment containing the HIS22 gene was also isolated but was not sequenced.…”

Section: (I) Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Salivary Histatins: Promising Anti-Fungal Therapeutic Agents

Tsai

Bobek

1998

Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine

142

115

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Histatins constitute a group of small, cationic multifunctional proteins present in the saliva of human and some nonhuman primates. The most significant function of histatins may be their anti-fungal activity against Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans. Histatins have been extensively studied at both the protein and gene levels. The structure-function relationship of histatins with respect to their candidacidal activity has also been studied by means of recombinant histatin variants, as well as by chemically synthesized histatin fragments. The mechanism of histatins' action on Candida albicans is not clear, but it appears to be different from that of azole-based anti-fungal drugs which interrupt ergosterol synthesis. During the past 20 years, fungal infections have become more prevalent as a result of the emergence of AIDS, as well as, paradoxically, modern medical advances. The toxicity of current anti-fungal medicine, the emergence of drug-resistant strains, and the availability of only a few types of antifungal agents are the major disadvantages of current anti-fungal therapy. Therefore, the importance of the search for new, broadspectrum anti-fungals with little or no toxicity cannot be overemphasized. The following properties make histatins promising antifungal therapeutic agents: (1) They have little or no toxicity; (2) they possess high cidal activities against azole-resistant fungal species and most of the fungal species tested; and (3) their candidacidal activity is similar to that of azole-based antifungals.Current research efforts focus on the development of improved histatins with enhanced cidal activity and stability, and of suitable and effective histatin delivery systems. These and other approaches may help to outpace the growing list of drug-resistant and opportunistic fungi causing life-threatening, disseminating diseases. The histatins with improved protective properties may also be used as components of artificial saliva for patients with salivary dysfunction.

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“…The Japanese population of the Ryukyu islands was dif- Pronk et al [1984]; 1 Pals and Pronk [1979]; ' Azen and Denniston [1980]; kTenget al [1978]; 1 Merritt and Karn [1977].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Further Studies of Salivary Polymorphisms in the Japanese Population

Tsuchida¹,

Ikemoto²

1989

Hum Hered

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The distributions of the phenotype and gene frequencies of nine polymorphic systems in human parotid and whole saliva were studied in the Japanese population of the eastern part of Japan and compared with those of populations in other areas of Japan and other ethnic groups. The gene frequencies were: Pa⁺ = 0.214; Pb¹ = 1.000; Pr¹ = 0.753; Db⁺ = 0.035; PmF⁺ = 0.394; Ph⁺ = 0.028; PIF⁺ = 0.733; Amy₁^v = 0.011, and s-Acp^A = 0.217.

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Salivary Protein Polymorphism in Kenya: Evidence for a New <i>AMY1 </i>Allele

Cited by 11 publications

References 7 publications

Variation in gene copy number and polymorphism of the human salivary amylase isoenzyme system in Caucasians

Variation in gene copy number and polymorphism of the human salivary amylase isoenzyme system in Caucasians

Human Salivary Histatins: Promising Anti-Fungal Therapeutic Agents

Further Studies of Salivary Polymorphisms in the Japanese Population

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