Salivary β-galactosidase activity affects physiological oral malodour

Masuo, Yosuke; Suzuki, Nao; Yoneda, Masahiro; Naito, Toru; Hirofuji, Takao

doi:10.1016/j.archoralbio.2011.07.015

Cited by 16 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Many available proteins in the oral cavity are present as glycoproteins (Kleinberg & Westbay, ), which require removal of their carbohydrate side‐chains before the protein core can be degraded by anaerobic species (Gottschalk, & Fazekas De St Groth, ). It has been suggested that various glycosidases, such as the β‐galactosidase produced by gram‐positive oral streptococci, cleave carbohydrate side‐chains of salivary glycoproteins and contribute to VSC production by anaerobic bacteria (Figure ) (Masuo, Suzuki, Yoneda, Naito, & Hirofuji, ; Sterer, Greenstein, & Rosenberg, ; Sterer & Rosenberg, , ; Yoneda, Masuo, Suzuki, Iwamoto, & Hirofuji, ). Previous in vitro studies have reported that addition of Streptococcus salivarius or β‐galactosidase to mucin solution or adding β‐galactosidase to saliva promoted VSC production by P .…”

Section: Induction Of Oral Malodormentioning

confidence: 99%

Induction and inhibition of oral malodor

Suzuki

Yoneda

Takeshita

et al. 2019

Molecular Oral Microbiology

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Volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) such as hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and methyl mercaptan (CH3SH) are the main components of oral malodor, and are produced as the end products of the proteolytic processes of oral microorganisms. The main pathway of proteolysis is the metabolism of sulfur‐containing amino acids by gram‐negative anaerobic bacteria. Gram‐positive bacteria may promote VSC production by gram‐negative anaerobes by cleaving sugar chains from glycoproteins and thus providing proteins. A large variety of bacteria within the oral microbiota are thought to be involved in the complex phenomenon of halitosis. Oral microbiota associated with a lack of oral malodor, oral microbiota associated with severe and H2S‐dominant oral malodor, and oral microbiota associated with severe and CH3SH‐dominant oral malodor have been distinguished through molecular approaches using the 16S rRNA gene. Pathological halitosis may primarily be addressed through treatment of causative diseases. In all cases, plaque control is the basis of oral malodor control, and dentifrices, mouthwashes, and functional foods play a supplementary role in addition to brushing. Recently, the use of natural ingredients in products tends to be favored due to the increase in antibiotic‐resistant strains and the side effects of some chemical ingredients. In addition, probiotics and vaccines are expected to offer new strategies for improving the oral conditions through mechanisms other than antibacterial agents.

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Section: Induction Of Oral Malodormentioning

confidence: 99%

Induction and inhibition of oral malodor

Suzuki

Yoneda

Takeshita

et al. 2019

Molecular Oral Microbiology

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“…Veillonella produces H 2 S from L -cysteine and this H 2 S production can be regulated by oral environmental factors such as the pH and lactate [31]. β-Galactosidase, which is located on the cell surface of oral bacteria derived from dental plaque and the TC, plays an important role in producing the malodor underlying physiological oral malodor [32]. …”

Section: Metabolitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biology of the Tongue Coating and Its Value in Disease Diagnosis

et al. 2017

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Tongue diagnosis is one of the most important diagnostic tools in traditional Chinese medicine and has been verified for thousands of years. However, its subjectivity and repeatability has been disputed continuously. The tongue coating as the primary coverage of tongue diagnosis provides more objectivity and reproducibility due to its relatively clear molecular basis; it also has a close relationship with many system diseases and may be used as a potentially valuable disease diagnostic tool. This article describes the material basis of the tongue coating, including its biology (epithelial cells, blood cells, vascular endothelial cells, and bacteria) and its metabolites; moreover, we summarize the diseases that are most correlated with the tongue coating. This will be valuable not only for fundamental research of tongue diagnosis but also for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of disease. We suppose that the tongue coating could serve as a valuable auxiliary diagnosis tool in many diseases, and more research should focus on how to colligate the various information about the tongue and provide useful information for disease diagnosis.

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“…Several studies have shown that β-galactosidases are effective in the production of VSCs (49)(50)(51). Thus, measuring the efficacy of this enzyme can be used to diagnose halitosis (29,(49)(50)(51).…”

Section: Quantifying β-Galactosidase Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, measuring the efficacy of this enzyme can be used to diagnose halitosis (29,(49)(50)(51). Halitosis formation begins with deglycosylation of glycoproteins (50).…”

Section: Quantifying β-Galactosidase Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Halitosis: A Review of Current Literature

Çoban¹,

Sönmez²

2017

meandros

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IntroductionMany patients consult a specialist physician regarding halitosis complaints (1,2). Halitosis which originates from latin halitus (breath) and greek suffix osis (pathological process) means bad breath in English (3). The history of sources related to halitosis is based on ancient Greek and Roman periods (4) ladanee (Mediterranean countries), parsley (Italy), carnivorous (Iraq), guava shell (Thailand) and egg shell (China) have been used in ancient times for halitosis treatment. Thus, halitosis emerges as a problem that occurs every century and occurs universally in both gender (5). Nachnani (6) indicates that more than 50% of the general population suffer from halitosis. If there are many sources causing halitosis, it is also due to 90% oral cavity such as tongue coat, poor oral hygiene, food impaction, periodontal disease, ÖzHalitozis terimi nefesten yayılan saldırgan veya nahoş kokuyu tarif eder. Halitozis fizyolojik nedenlerle ortaya çıkabileceği gibi patolojik ve psikolojik nedenlerle de oluşabilir. Bu nedenle halitozisin temelinde yatan faktörler doğru bir şekilde belirlenmeli ve hasta ilgili uzmana yönlendirilmelidir. Yanlış tanı ve tedaviyi önlemek için interdisipliner yaklaşımların halitozis için önemini vurgulamak gerekmektedir. Bu derlemenin amacı halitozisin etiyolojisi, prevelansı, ölçüm metodları ve tedavisi hakkında bilgi vermektir.Halitosis is a term defining disagreeable or offensive odour spread from the breath. Halitosis may occur due to physiological reasons as well as pathological and psychological factor. Because of that, underlying factors of halitosis should correctly be diagnosed and the patient should be directed to the related physician. It is significant to highlight the necessity of an interdisciplinary method for the treatment of halitosis to prevent misdiagnosis or unnecessary treatment. The aim of this review is to report information about the etiology, prevalence, measurement methods and treatment of halitosis.

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Salivary β-galactosidase activity affects physiological oral malodour

Cited by 16 publications

References 32 publications

Induction and inhibition of oral malodor

Induction and inhibition of oral malodor

Biology of the Tongue Coating and Its Value in Disease Diagnosis

Halitosis: A Review of Current Literature

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