Salmon Poisoning Disease of Canines. II. Further Observations on Etiologic Agent

Philip, Cornelius B.; Hughes, Lyndahl E.; Locker, Betty; Hadlow, W. J.

doi:10.3181/00379727-87-21393

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…While there is a large range of definitive hosts for the trematode, N. helminthoeca causes severe SPD in members of the Canidae family including dogs, foxes and coyotes (Cordy and Gorham, ; Philip et al ., ,b; Philip, ; Foreyt et al ., ). Dogs most commonly acquire SPD when they eat raw or undercooked salmonid fish containing encysted trematodes infected with N. helminthoeca .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As endosymbionts of digenetic trematodes (parasitic flatworms or flukes), Neorickettsia species are abundant in nature and have been identified throughout the life cycle of the trematodes and the hosts of trematodes including the essential first intermediate host of snails, the second intermediate hosts such as fish and aquatic insects and the definitive hosts such as mammals and birds wherein the trematodes sexually reproduce fertilized eggs (Cordy and Gorham, ; Philip et al ., ,b; Philip, ; Foreyt et al ., ; Gibson et al ., ; Rikihisa et al ., ; Gibson and Rikihisa, ; Greiman et al ., ). Recent reports revealed more than 10 new genotypes of Neorickettsia in divergent digenean families throughout the world, including Asia, Africa, Australia, Americas and even Antarctica (Ward et al ., ; Tkach et al ., ; Greiman et al ., , ), suggesting a global distribution of Neorickettsia spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of complete genome sequence and major surface antigens of Neorickettsia helminthoeca, causative agent of salmon poisoning disease

Lin

Bachman

Cheng

et al. 2017

Microbial Biotechnology

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Summary Neorickettsia helminthoeca, a type species of the genus Neorickettsia, is an endosymbiont of digenetic trematodes of veterinary importance. Upon ingestion of salmonid fish parasitized with infected trematodes, canids develop salmon poisoning disease (SPD), an acute febrile illness that is particularly severe and often fatal in dogs without adequate treatment. We determined and analysed the complete genome sequence of N. helminthoeca: a single small circular chromosome of 884 232 bp encoding 774 potential proteins. N. helminthoeca is unable to synthesize lipopolysaccharides and most amino acids, but is capable of synthesizing vitamins, cofactors, nucleotides and bacterioferritin. N. helminthoeca is, however, distinct from majority of the family Anaplasmataceae to which it belongs, as it encodes nearly all enzymes required for peptidoglycan biosynthesis, suggesting its structural hardiness and inflammatory potential. Using sera from dogs that were experimentally infected by feeding with parasitized fish or naturally infected in southern California, Western blot analysis revealed that among five predicted N. helminthoeca outer membrane proteins, P51 and strain‐variable surface antigen were uniformly recognized. Our finding will help understanding pathogenesis, prevalence of N. helminthoeca infection among trematodes, canids and potentially other animals in nature to develop effective SPD diagnostic and preventive measures. Recent progresses in large‐scale genome sequencing have been uncovering broad distribution of Neorickettsia spp., the comparative genomics will facilitate understanding of biology and the natural history of these elusive environmental bacteria.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%