Salmonella and Arizona in reptiles and man in Western Australia

Abstract

SUMMARY1. Ninety-seven (83.6%) of 116 reptiles, comprising 70 lizards, 40 snakes, 4 tortoises and 2 crocodiles, yielded isolations of organisms in the Salmonella and/or Arizona groups.2. The reptiles were captive or free-ranging; the former were drawn from all states of mainland Australia, while the latter were from West Australia only.3. The relative prominence ofSalmonellaserotypes containing numerically highsomatic antigens, the finding of newserotypes, of multiple infections, and of strains in subgenera II and III was remarked.4. The lack of evidence of differences in the serotypes isolated from captive or wild reptiles (except for the isolation ofS. typhimuriumin creatures closely associated with man and his domestic fauna), and the apparent absence of a specific geographical distribution of serotypes in reptiles, lent support to the con clusion that reptiles provide a natural reservoir forSalmonellaand Arizona strains in Australia. The possible spill-over to man, his domestic animals and his food stuffs is discussed.It is a pleasure to record our indebtedness to Dr Joan Taylor for her continuous interest and support in providing confirmation and identification of manySalmonellaserotypes; to Dr W. H. Ewing and later Dr R. Rhode for serotyping the Arizona strains; to Dr G. M. Storr, Curator of Reptiles in the Museum of Western Australia, for identifying the reptiles and to Dr W. S. Davidson, Commissioner of Public Health, Western Australia, for permission to publish.

Salmonella javianainfection in an infant associated with a marsupial, the quokka,Setonix brachyurus, in Western Australia

“…S. javiana, for example, has been isolated from wild reptiles in Vietnam (Le Minor, 1964) and the Philippines (Westerlund, 1966), and from a captive snake in Germany (Schroder, 1970). Both captive and free-ranging reptiles in Western Australia have been found to be frequently infected with Salmonella, Arizona and Edwardsiella organisms (Iveson, Mackay-Scollay & Bamford, 1969;Iveson, 1971).…”

Prevalência de Enterobacteriaceae em Tupinambis merianae (Squamata: Teiidae) de uma instalação em cativeiro no Brasil Central, com um perfil de resistência aos medicamentos antimicrobianos em Salmonella enterica

“…Since then, other isolates of the bacteria were obtained from different reptilian species, as demonstrated by Iveson et al (1969), Chiodini (1982), and Shane et al (1990). These reptile species were also pointed as reservoirs of specific serovars and of the ones pathogenic to humans (Meervenne et al 2009).…”

Retrospective and Longitudinal Study of Salmonellosis in Captive Wildlife in Trinidad

“…isolation was 9%, 14% and 50% respectively, which is lower than published reports. Turtles may have infection rates varying from 12% to 85% (Jackson and Jackson, 1971;Keymer, 1972), snakes may have 16% to 92% infection rates (Iveson et al, 1969;Roggendorf and Muller, 1976) and lizards may have infection rates from 40% to 77% (Iveson et al, 1969;Koopman and Janssen, 1973). The higher frequency of isolation of Salmonella spp.…”