Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi Producing CTX-M-15 Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase in the Democratic Republic of the Congo

Phoba, Marie-France; Barbé, Barbara; Lunguya, Octavie; Masendu, Lysette; Lulengwa, Deo; Dougan, Gordon; Wong, Vanessa; Bertrand, Sophie; Ceyssens, Pieter‐Jan; Jacobs, Jan; Puyvelde, Sandra Van; Deborggraeve, Stijn

doi:10.1093/cid/cix342

Cited by 46 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The Indian isolates were reported to carry IncA and IncX3 plasmids and harboring blaSHV-12, blaCMY-2, blaDHA-1 and blaTEM-1B determinants [18,19]. An S. Typhi isolates encoding blaCTX-M15 gene on an IncY plasmid was recovered from the Democratic Republic of Congo [9]. Few other studies have reported the blaCTX-M producing S. Typhi isolates from Nigeria, Japan, and Southern India as well as from the travelers having a travel history to Iraq and Guatemala [5,[23][24][25][26].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing S. Typhi strains were quite uncommon from the introduction of cephalosporins till the first decade of the 21st century and were reported only from few studies from Asian countries or the patients with a history of travel to that region [5][6][7][8]. The ESBLs are known to confer cephalosporin resistance; although were previously uncommon among Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi strains and this transfer is facilitated especially if these resistant determinates are associated with transposon or plasmids, for example, blaCTXM-15 [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases producing extensively drug-resistant Salmonella Typhi in Punjab, Pakistan

Saeed

Rasool

Rasheed

et al. 2020

J Infect Dev Ctries

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Introduction: The multidrug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi isolates have been increasingly reported from the Asian and African countries. The emergence of isolates with decreased susceptibility to fluoroquinolones and cephalosporins has worsened the situation. Recently, an outbreak from Sindh, Pakistan was reported caused by extensively drug-resistant (XDR) S. Typhi strains. Methodology: In the present study, a total of 82 cases of typhoid have been investigated during 2018 from the febrile children referred to a tertiary care hospital in the population-wise largest province (Punjab) of Pakistan. S. Typhi was identified by standard microbiological techniques and isolates were characterized for antimicrobial resistance profiling and minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined. The presence of various ESBL genes in S. Typhi was confirmed by the PCR. Results: Out of the 82 isolates tested, 35 (43%) were found to be XDR; resistant to the first-line drugs. The resistance to third-generation cephalosporins was mainly mediated by extended-spectrum beta-lactamases i.e. blaTEM and blaCTX-M genes. Conclusions: The higher prevalence of ESBL producing Salmonella typhi clinical strains raises the concern about transmission prevention and infection management in the community as well as clinical settings. Moreover, the study highlights the problem concerning the declining antibiotic arsenal for the therapeutic management of typhoid fever and the emergence and spread of XDR strains in Pakistan.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases producing extensively drug-resistant Salmonella Typhi in Punjab, Pakistan

Saeed

Rasool

Rasheed

et al. 2020

J Infect Dev Ctries

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“…However, in parts of sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) is a major cause of deadly bacteremia [41] . For instance, studies from Kenya have reported that community-acquired NTS is among the top three causes of death among children [43][44][45] . Non-typhoidal Salmonella resistance to fluoroquinolones was reported to be in the 3.8-6.1% range in Congo [23,46,47] .…”

Section: Multidrug-resistant Salmonellamentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of Multidrug-resistant Organisms in Africa

Gulumbe¹,

Faggo²

2019

mjima

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Multidrug-resistant organisms/bacteria (MDROs) have significant health implications that either have not been addressed or received only limited attention, especially in resource-constrained settings such as Africa, where access to newer, often costly antibiotics is limited. Acquisition of MDROs has been linked with poorer clinical outcomes and prolonged hospitalization. The evolution and spread of MDROs is influenced by factors such as selective pressure exerted by indiscriminate use of antimicrobials in both agriculture and medicine, lack of prescribing skills and training, lack of access to rapid and reliable diagnostics, suboptimal surveillance, as well as poor implementation and adherence to prevention measures. Reports indicate increased occurrence of MDROs in Africa, including members of Enterobacteriaceae which are often implicated in bloodstream, urinary tract, abdomen, skin and soft tissue infections. However, serious data limitation and underreporting are major hurdles that continue to hinder our understanding of the impact of antimicrobial resistance. In this review, we sought to address this gap by providing up-to-date data on the epidemiology of MDROs across the continent, including data on their prevalence and current detection and prevention methods.

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“…Enteric fever is characterized by disseminated infection and septicaemia. Its mortality has been significantly reduced by implementation of appropriate antibiotic treatment but the increase in beta-lactam and fluoroquinolone resistance of Salmonella strains is a growing public health problem [3][4][5][6]. Depending on the immune status of the patient, NTS can also cause extraintestinal and bloodstream infections with various manifestations such as meningitis, septic arthritis, abscesses and osteomyelitis [7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simple differentiation of Salmonella Typhi, Paratyphi and Choleraesuis from Salmonella species using the eazyplex TyphiTyper LAMP assay

Rödel

Edel

Ehricht

et al. 2020

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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Introduction. Identification of typhoidal Salmonella (TS) serovars and their discrimination from non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) is conventionally performed by seroagglutination. This method is labour-intensive, requires technical experience and can be inconclusive in some cases. Molecular assays may be reliable alternative diagnostic tools. Aim. This study was designed to evaluate the eazyplex TyphiTyper based on loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) for fast identification of TS and S. Choleraesuis in culture. Methodology. A total of 121 Salmonella strains and 33 isolates of other Enterobacterales species were tested by the eazyplex TyphiTyper. Simulated and clinical blood cultures (BCs) were used to examine the performance of the assay for diagnosis of systemic infection. Sample preparation took about 5 min and the test running time was 20 min. Amplification was measured by real-time fluorescence detection. Results. All TS and S. Choleraesuis strains were correctly identified. The most common NTS S. Typhimurium (n=34) and S. Enteritidis (n=15) were detected as Salmonella species without any false positive result for TS targets. Cross-reactions of NTS with TS were only rarely observed. Direct testing of positive BCs gave correct results. Sensitivities and specificities of the assay were as follows: 100 and 99.3 % for S. Typhi, 100 and 98.7 % for S. Paratyphi A, 100 and 97.3 % for S. Paratyphi B, 100 and 100 % for S. Paratyphi C, 100 and 100 % for S. Choleraesuis, and 100 and 100 % for Salmonella species, respectively. Conclusion. The eazyplex TyphiTyper is very easy to perform and allows the rapid identification of TS and S. Choleraesuis isolates.

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Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi Producing CTX-M-15 Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase in the Democratic Republic of the Congo

Cited by 46 publications

References 13 publications

Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases producing extensively drug-resistant Salmonella Typhi in Punjab, Pakistan

Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases producing extensively drug-resistant Salmonella Typhi in Punjab, Pakistan

Epidemiology of Multidrug-resistant Organisms in Africa

Simple differentiation of Salmonella Typhi, Paratyphi and Choleraesuis from Salmonella species using the eazyplex TyphiTyper LAMP assay

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