Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Exploits Inflammation to Modify Swine Intestinal Microbiota

Abstract

Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium is an important zoonotic gastrointestinal pathogen responsible for foodborne disease worldwide. It is a successful enteric pathogen because it has developed virulence strategies allowing it to survive in a highly inflamed intestinal environment exploiting inflammation to overcome colonization resistance provided by intestinal microbiota. In this study, we used piglets featuring an intact microbiota, which naturally develop gastroenteritis, as model for salmonellosis. We compared the effects on the intestinal microbiota induced by a wild type and an attenuated S. Typhimurium in order to evaluate whether the modifications are correlated with the virulence of the strain. This study showed that Salmonella alters microbiota in a virulence-dependent manner. We found that the wild type S. Typhimurium induced inflammation and a reduction of specific protecting microbiota species (SCFA-producing bacteria) normally involved in providing a barrier against pathogens. Both these effects could contribute to impair colonization resistance, increasing the host susceptibility to wild type S. Typhimurium colonization. In contrast, the attenuated S. Typhimurium, which is characterized by a reduced ability to colonize the intestine, and by a very mild inflammatory response, was unable to successfully sustain competition with the microbiota.

Effects of Astragalus membranaceus fiber on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, microbial composition, VFA production, gut pH, and immunity of weaned pigs

“…The PCR was performed in a mixture containing reagents and 50 ng of template DNA according to the procedure described by Drumo et al. (). The amplicons were extracted using 2% agarose gel electrophoresis and DNA was recovered using the agarose recovery kits.…”

“…The hypervariable V3-V4 regions of bacteria 16SrDNA were amplified by PCR at 95°C for 5 min denaturation, followed by 25 cycles at 95°C for 30 s, 55°C for 30 s, and 72°C for 30 s with extension at 72°C for 5 min. The PCR was performed in a mixture containing reagents and 50 ng of template DNA according to the procedure described by Drumo et al (2016). The amplicons were extracted using 2% agarose gel electrophoresis and DNA was recovered using the agarose recovery kits.…”

The Systemic Zinc Homeostasis Was Modulated in Broilers Challenged by Salmonella

“…Food-borne Salmonella remains a major public health concern worldwide, being responsible for hundreds of millions of cases of human gastroenteritis [1][2][3]. Broiler meat contaminated with Salmonella is the primary vehicles for human salmonellosis [4,5].…”

A Novel Antimicrobial Approach Based on the Inhibition of Zinc Uptake in Salmonella Enterica

“…However, ZnuABC mediates resistance to such an antimicrobial strategy and promotes Salmonella growth in the inflamed gut by conferring a growth advantage over resident competing microbes. As a matter of fact, wild-type and znuABC Salmonella strains interact differently with the intestinal microbiota and induce a markedly different effect on the composition of the gut flora [22].…”