Salmonella enterica shedding in hospitalized horses and associations with diarrhea occurrence among their stablemates and gastrointestinal-related illness or death following discharge

Hartnack, Amanda K.; Metre, David C. Van; Morley, Paul S.

doi:10.2460/javma.240.6.726

Cited by 22 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Rather, the risk for long-term non-survival was increased for hospitalised horses receiving a moderate to high level of caresuggesting that it is the severity of disease that is likely the more important factor with respect to long-term survival. Our finding of no difference in risk for having colic or abnormal faeces after hospital discharge among Salmonellapositive or Salmonella-negative horses is in agreement with previous reports [9,11]. This is important with respect to counselling owners on what it means when Salmonella shedding is detected in their animal.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…While there are reports of Salmonella shedding during hospitalisation not being associated with increased mortality during hospitalisation [10], others have found that culture-positive post-operative colics were more likely subjected to euthanasia prior to discharge [11]. It has also been shown that shedding may be associated with an increase in the long-term risk of death after discharge from the hospital [9]; however, another study found no difference in survival among positive or negative post-operative colics [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Factors associated with equine shedding of multi‐drug‐resistantSalmonella entericaand its impact on health outcomes

Burgess

Bauknecht

Slovis

et al. 2018

Equine Veterinary Journal

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors associated with equine shedding of multi‐drug‐resistantSalmonella entericaand its impact on health outcomes

Burgess

Bauknecht

Slovis

et al. 2018

Equine Veterinary Journal

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“…Few data have been published regarding the risk of Salmonella transmission from hospitalized patients to herd mates following discharge (Hartnack et al 2012). Widespread environmental contamination can result from fecal shedding of Salmonella Oranienburg ( Jay-Russell et al 2014), and Salmonella has been found to persist in farm environments for more than 9 months (Toth et al 2011).…”

Section: Centers For Epidemiology and Animal Health 2009)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Salmonella entericaSerovar Oranienburg Outbreak in a Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital with Evidence of Nosocomial and On-Farm Transmission

Cummings

Rodriguez‐Rivera

Mitchell

et al. 2014

Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases

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Nosocomial salmonellosis continues to pose an important threat to veterinary medical teaching hospitals. The objectives of this study were to describe an outbreak of salmonellosis caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Oranienburg within our hospital and to highlight its unique features, which can be used to help mitigate or prevent nosocomial outbreaks in the future. We retrospectively analyzed data from patients that were fecal culture-positive for Salmonella Oranienburg between January 1, 2006, and June 1, 2011, including historical, clinical, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) data. Salmonella Oranienburg was identified in 20 horses, five alpacas, and three cows during this time frame, with dates of admission spanning the period from August, 2006, through January, 2008. We consider most of these patients to have become infected through either nosocomial or on-farm transmission, as evidenced by molecular subtyping results and supportive epidemiologic data. Interpretation of PFGE results in this outbreak was challenging because of the identification of several closely related Salmonella Oranienburg subtypes. Furthermore, a high percentage of cases were fecal culture-positive for Salmonella Oranienburg within 24 h of admission. These patients initially appeared to represent new introductions of Salmonella into the hospital, but closer inspection of their medical records revealed epidemiologic links to the hospital following the index case. Cessation of this outbreak was observed following efforts to further heighten biosecurity efforts, with no known cases or positive environmental samples after January, 2008. This study demonstrates that a Salmonella-positive culture result within 24 h of admission does not exclude the hospital as the source of infection, and it underscores the important role played by veterinary medical teaching hospitals as nodes of Salmonella infection that can promote transmission outside of the hospital setting. Nosocomial salmonellosis continues to pose an important threat to veterinary medical teaching hospitals.

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“…A.K. Hartnack from Colorado State University and colleagues have recently published this case‐control study evaluating the potential association between Salmonella enterica shedding in hospitalised horses and the risk of diarrhoea among stablemates, and characterising gastrointestinal‐related illness and death following discharge among horses that shed S. enterica while hospitalised ( Hartnack et al. 2012 ).…”

Section: Salmonella Enterica Shedding and Risk Of Diarrhoea Among Stamentioning

confidence: 99%

Highlights of recent clinically relevant papers

WRIGHT¹

2012

Equine Veterinary Education

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and colleagues from Europe have recently published their findings of a large European study of atypical myopathy in grazing horses (2006)(2007)(2008)(2009).This large scale European study (van Galen et al. 2012) aimed to improve diagnosis and treatment of atypical myopathy (AM) through recognition of risk factors and factors affecting prognosis. This study differs from previous studies by the inclusion of cases with similar signs, which were unlikely to have AM in order to assist in defining AM cases and to provide prognostic indicators. Six hundred cases were allocated to AM cases (n = 354) and non-AM cases (n = 69), with the remainder not being included due to insufficient data. The clinical signs strongly associated with the AM group compared to the non-AM group were pigmenturia, normothermia, congested mucous membranes and increased serum CK activity, the latter being variable in early cases. Positive prognostic indicators (survival rate 26%) for AM cases were cases which remained standing, normothermia, normal mucous membranes and defaecation. Poor prognostic indicators included recumbency, sweating, anorexia, dyspnoea, tachypnoea and tachycardia. The only treatment that had a significant effect on survival was the administration of vitamins and antioxidants. This study has allowed preventative measures to be advised, these include: stabling/limited grazing during high risk periods (autumn/ spring), removal of dead leaves and wood, use of flat pasture without trees and provision of supplementary food during high risk periods.Cases with similar clinical signs to AM can be considered more likely to have AM if they have pigmenturia, normothermia, congested mucous membranes and increased serum CK activity. Those which remain standing, with normal mucous membranes and pass faeces are more likely to survive and the provision of a vitamin and antioxidant supplement is associated with survival. Highlights of recent clinically relevant papers

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Salmonella enterica shedding in hospitalized horses and associations with diarrhea occurrence among their stablemates and gastrointestinal-related illness or death following discharge

Cited by 22 publications

References 22 publications

Factors associated with equine shedding of multi‐drug‐resistantSalmonella entericaand its impact on health outcomes

Factors associated with equine shedding of multi‐drug‐resistantSalmonella entericaand its impact on health outcomes

Salmonella entericaSerovar Oranienburg Outbreak in a Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital with Evidence of Nosocomial and On-Farm Transmission

Highlights of recent clinically relevant papers

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