Salmonella enterica subsp houtenae serogroup O:16 in a HIV positive patient: case report

Lourenço, Maria Cristina S.; Reis, Eliane Falavina M. dos; Valls, Rogério; Asensi, Marise Dutra; Hofer, Ernesto

doi:10.1590/s0036-46652004000300009

Cited by 16 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Nevertheless, a case of bacteremia in a 33-year-old HIV-infected patient caused by S. enterica subsp. houtenae was diagnosed in Rio de Janeiro (Lourenc ßo, Reis, Valls, Asensi, & Hofer, 2004). In this case, close contact with animal reservoirs or the contamination through ingested food were indicated as possible sources of infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Prevalence, genetic characterization and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella isolated from fresh pork sausages in Porto Alegre, Brazil

2009

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Prevalence, genetic characterization and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella isolated from fresh pork sausages in Porto Alegre, Brazil

2009

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“…This subspecies, as well as S. enterica spp. houtenae were identified in 16% of the reptiles and considered to have a moderate zoonotic potential as most human cases occur in immunosuppressed individuals or children (Table 3) [21,[51][52][53][54]. In total almost 1/3 of the reptiles were identified as carriers of highly or moderately zoonotic Salmonella serovars.…”

Section: Zoonotic Potential Of Identified Salmonella Serovarsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Salmonella serovars isolated from reptiles in Norwegian zoos

et al. 2020

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Background: Reptiles are known to be asymptomatic carriers of Salmonella spp. in their gastrointestinal mucosa and a variety of Salmonella serovars including exotic serovars mainly associated with reptiles as well as human pathogenic serovars have been isolated. There are many case reports of reptile-associated Salmonella infections worldwide, including one case in Norway in 2000. In August 2017, there was a legislative change in Norway that allowed more permissive reptile ownership and legalized the keeping of 19 different reptile species by private persons. There has been a concern that this new legislation will lead to an increase in reptile-associated salmonellosis in Norway, however knowledge is lacking on the occurrence of Salmonella spp. in Norwegian reptiles. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate the prevalence of Salmonella spp. in captive reptile species in Norway, identify the serovars and evaluate their zoonotic potential. Thus, cloacal swabs were taken from 53 snakes, 15 lizards and 35 chelonians from three Norwegian zoos, and assessed for the presence of Salmonella spp. by culture, biochemical testing and serotyping. Results: In total, 43% of the reptiles were shedding Salmonella spp., with a prevalence of 62%, 67% and 3% in snakes, lizards and chelonians, respectively. A total of 26 different serovars were found, including Salmonella enterica spp. enterica (40%) and S. enterica spp. arizonae (4%), both of which are considered to have a high zoonotic potential. S. enterica spp. diarizonae, salamae and houtenae were also identified, however these serovars are considered to have a lower zoonotic potential. Conclusions: The current study demonstrates that captive Norwegian reptiles are carriers of potentially zoonotic Salmonella spp. Given the increasing popularity of reptiles as pets and the legislative change, reptile-associated salmonellosis could become an increasingly important public health concern in Norway. Adequate public information about the risk of Salmonella infection as well as preventive measures to avoid Salmonella transmission from reptiles to humans is needed. The risk of Salmonella infection is considered low when recommended precautions are taken and good hygiene exhibited.

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“…Salmonella sp. can be considered another important pathogen for the HIV-infected group as these enterobacteria are 20 to 100 times more frequently isolated among HIV individuals compared to the immunocompetent population 13,60 . The frequencies of Salmonella isolation varies from 2.5% to 18% with the highest percentages in African children 2,54 .…”

Section: Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Etiological agents of diarrhea in patients infected by the human immunodeficiency virus-1: a review

Rossit¹,

Gonçalves

Franco

et al. 2009

Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo

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Despite the importance of understanding the epidemiology of agents responsible for infectious diarrhea in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) population, the number of articles about this subject is relatively few. The current article summarizes published data on bacterial, fungal, viral and parasitic enteropathogens in the HIV/AIDS seropositive subjects in different countries, regions and localities. In general, there is a great difference in the frequencies of etiological agents due to factors which include immune status, geographical location, climate and socioeconomic conditions. It is important to stress that a great prevalence of infection by emergent agents has been reported in the more advanced stages of AIDS. Therefore, to establish specific treatment depends directly on knowledge of these agents and risk factors associated to their distribution. Moreover, the colonization by potential pathogenic agents verified in these individuals is high thus implicating that they act as carriers. Finally, public health measures of control and prevention must take into consideration the regional previously identified enteropathogens, especially in areas where HIV prevalence is high.

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Salmonella enterica subsp houtenae serogroup O:16 in a HIV positive patient: case report

Cited by 16 publications

References 4 publications

Prevalence, genetic characterization and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella isolated from fresh pork sausages in Porto Alegre, Brazil

Prevalence, genetic characterization and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella isolated from fresh pork sausages in Porto Alegre, Brazil

Prevalence of Salmonella serovars isolated from reptiles in Norwegian zoos

Etiological agents of diarrhea in patients infected by the human immunodeficiency virus-1: a review

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